{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T23:54:53Z","timestamp":1776210893969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVine&amp;Wine-Driving Sustainable Growth Through Smart Innovation\u201d project (sub-project-BioGrapeSustain)","award":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cMobilizing Agendas for Business Innovation\u201d under the Recovery and Resilience Program","award":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2013Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Varietal volatile compounds are characteristic of each variety of grapes and come from the skins of the grapes. This work focuses on the development of a methodology for the analysis of free compounds in grapes from Trincadeira, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Castel\u00e3o and Tinta Barroca from the 2021 and 2022 harvests, using HS-SPME-GC \u00d7 GC-TOFMS. To achieve this purpose, a previous optimization step of sample preparation was implemented, with the optimized conditions being 4 g of grapes, 2 g of NaCl, and 2 mL of H2O. The extraction conditions were also optimized, and it was observed that performing the extraction for 40 min at 60 \u00b0C was the best for identifying more varietal compounds. The fiber used was a triple fiber of carboxen\/divinylbenzene\/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR\/DVB\/PDMS). In addition to the sample preparation, the analytical conditions were also optimized, enabling the adequate separation of analytes. Using the optimized methodology, it was possible to identify fifty-two free volatile compounds, including seventeen monoterpenes, twenty-eight sesquiterpenes, and seven C13-norisoprenoids. It was observed that in 2021, more free varietal volatile compounds were identifiable compared to 2022. According to the results obtained through a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the differences in volatile varietal signature are observed both among different grape varieties and across different years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29091989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T05:13:41Z","timestamp":1714108421000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with a TOF MS Detector\u2014An Effective Tool to Trace the Signature of Grape Varieties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Institute of Research and Advanced Training, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7000-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Crop Science, School of Science and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6295-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Crop Science, School of Science and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108918","article-title":"Seaweed Foliar Applications at Two Dosages to Tempranillo Blanco (Vitis vinifera L.) 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