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With the development of new drugs to treat this condition, the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring continues to rise and remains a challenge for the medical community. This review article explores recent advances in the detection of antiepileptic drugs across various sample types commonly used for drug monitoring, with a focus on their applications and impact. Some of these new methods have proven to be simpler, greener, and faster, making them easier to apply in the context of therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, besides the classic use of blood and its derivatives, there has been significant research into the application of alternative matrices due to their ease of sample collection and capacity to reflect drug behavior in blood. These advances have contributed to increasing the efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring while enhancing its accessibility to the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T06:27:31Z","timestamp":1727850451000},"page":"4679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Determination of Antiepileptics in Biological Samples\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8014-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Y.","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlphaBiolabs, 14 Webster Court, Carina Park, Warrington WA5 8WD, UK"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Qu\u00edmica e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ci\u00eancias Forenses\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB)-Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias, 6200-000 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB)-Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias, 6200-000 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). 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