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The structures of loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2) were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis, as well as a comparison of their 1H or\/and 13C NMR data with those reported in the literature. In the case of loliolide (1), the absolute configurations of its stereogenic carbons were confirmed by X-ray analysis, whereas those of epi-loliolide (2) were determined by NOESY correlations. Loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2) were tested for their growth inhibitory activity against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bacteria, as well as one clinical isolate (E. coli SA\/2, an extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producer-ESBL) and two environmental isolates, S. aureus 74\/24, a methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and E. faecalis B3\/101, a vancomycin-resistant (VRE) isolates. The results showed that none of the tested compounds exhibited antibacterial activity at the highest concentrations tested (325 \u03bcM), and both revealed low antioxidant activity, with ORAC values of 2.786 \u00b1 0.070 and 2.520 \u00b1 0.319 \u00b5mol TE\/100 mg for loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2), respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T09:49:14Z","timestamp":1730454554000},"page":"5175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Monoterpene Hydroxy Lactones Isolated from Thalassiosira sp. Microalga and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcina M. M. B.","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Decha","family":"Kumla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Valter F. R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8352-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Gales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (i3S-IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur M. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (i3S-IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sharad","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE 7 RH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anake","family":"Kijjoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. 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