{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T18:03:49Z","timestamp":1777745029792,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FUNDA\u00c7\u00c3O PARA A CI\u00caNCIA E TECNOLOGIA (FCT-PORTUGAL)","award":["UIDB\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FUNDA\u00c7\u00c3O PARA A CI\u00caNCIA E TECNOLOGIA (FCT-PORTUGAL)","award":["UIDP\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00313\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Manganese-based MRI contrast agents have recently attracted much attention as an alternative to Gd-based compounds. Various nanostructures have been proposed for potential applications in in vivo diagnostics and theranostics. This review is focused on the discussion of different types of Mn oxide-based nanoparticles (MnxOy NPs) obtained at the +2, +3 and +4 oxidation states for MRI, multimodal imaging or theranostic applications. These NPs show favorable magnetic properties, good biocompatibility, and an improved toxicity profile relative to Gd(III)-based nanosystems, showing that the Mn paramagnetic ions offer advantages for the next generation of nanoscale MRI and theranostic contrast agents. Their potential for enhancing relaxivity and MRI contrast effects is illustrated through discussion of selected examples published in the past decade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29235591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T10:00:58Z","timestamp":1732615258000},"page":"5591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for MRI-Based Multimodal Imaging and Theranostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F. G. C.","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIT\u2014Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15260f","article-title":"The Unique Role of Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine: Imaging, Drug Delivery and Therapy","volume":"41","author":"Doane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2006.05.026","article-title":"Nanoparticles for Bioimaging","volume":"123","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. 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