{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:45Z","timestamp":1760146785450,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The membrane dipole potential that arises from the interfacial water and constitutive dipolar groups of lipid molecules modulates the interaction of amphiphiles and proteins with membranes. Consequently, its determination for lipid mixtures resembling the existing diversity in biological membranes is very relevant. In this work, the dipole potentials of monolayers, formed at the air\u2013water interface, from pure or mixed lipids (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyserine (POPS), sphingomyelin (SpM) and cholesterol) were measured and correlated with the mean area per lipid. The results showed that, as previously observed, cholesterol increases the dipole potential in correspondence with the decrease in the average area per lipid. At the small mole fractions encountered in biomembranes, the presence of the negatively charged lipid POPS increases the dipole potentials of monolayers despite inducing an increase in the average area per lipid. Additionally, the inclusion of POPE in POPC:cholesterol monolayers disrupts the area condensation induced by cholesterol while increasing the membrane dipole moment, leading to a small reduction in the dipole potential. This trend is reinforced for the quaternary POPC:cholesterol:POPE:POPS 4:3:2:1 system, which mimics the inner leaflets of eukaryotic plasma membranes. In agreement with previous works, the replacement of phosphocholine lipids with sphingomyelin leads to a decrease in the dipole potential. Together, this results in a lower dipole potential for the SpM-enriched outer leaflet, generating a non-zero transbilayer dipole potential in the asymmetric plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29245843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:50:08Z","timestamp":1733921408000},"page":"5843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dipole Potential of Monolayers with Biologically Relevant Lipid Compositions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1171-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato M. S.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Lairion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Prof. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), University of Buenos Aires and National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET),  Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Edgardo Anibal","family":"Disalvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biophysics and Food Research Center (CIBAAL), National University of Santiago del Estero and National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET),   Santiago del Estero 4206, Argentina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds M. S.","family":"Loura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3076-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2161(08)60677-2","article-title":"Electrostatic Potentials at Membrane-Solution Interfaces","volume":"Volume 9","author":"Bronner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Current Topics in Membranes and Transport"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.15.060186.001115","article-title":"Electrostatic Interactions In Membranes And Proteins","volume":"15","author":"Honig","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. 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