{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:24:24Z","timestamp":1775597064457,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2022.09707.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09707.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2024-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-25"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["U-IDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U-IDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"USFQ Med","award":["2022.09707.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09707.BD"]}]},{"name":"USFQ Med","award":["2024-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-25"]}]},{"name":"USFQ Med","award":["U-IDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U-IDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"USFQ Med","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2022.09707.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09707.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2024-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-25"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["U-IDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U-IDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Overcoming the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which affects millions of people worldwide, has driven attention for the exploration of marine-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for innovative solutions. Cnidarians, such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish, are a promising valuable resource of these bioactive peptides due to their robust innate immune systems yet are still poorly explored. Hence, we employed an in silico proteolysis strategy to search for novel AMPs from omics data of 111 Cnidaria species. Millions of peptides were retrieved and screened using shallow- and deep-learning models, prioritizing AMPs with a reduced toxicity and with a structural distinctiveness from characterized AMPs. After complex network analysis, a final dataset of 3130 Cnidaria singular non-haemolytic and non-toxic AMPs were identified. Such unique AMPs were mined for their putative antibacterial activity, revealing 20 favourable candidates for in vitro testing against important ESKAPEE pathogens, offering potential new avenues for antibiotic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30030550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1737970943000},"page":"550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Unlocking Antimicrobial Peptides: In Silico Proteolysis and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Discovery from Cnidarian Omics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5277-3940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Alexandre","family":"Barroso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9908-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermin","family":"Ag\u00fcero-Chapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8579-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yovani","family":"Marrero-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin No. 498, Insurgentes Mixcoac, Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Ciudad de Mexico 03920, Mexico"},{"name":"Grupo de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional (MeM&T), Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Escuela de Medicina, Edificio de Especialidades M\u00e9dicas, Instituto de Simulaci\u00f3n Computacional (ISC-USFQ), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y v\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 170157, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30327-3","article-title":"The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance","volume":"20","author":"Magana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3919","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptides and their potential clinical applications","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00175","article-title":"Computational methods and tools in antimicrobial peptide research","volume":"61","author":"Aronica","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. 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