{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:23:17Z","timestamp":1765610597637,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"EDRF-Interreg MAC 2014\u20132020 Cooperacion territorial","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network (RNEM)","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008","PID2022-137278OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the transformation that gastronomy has undergone in recent years, there is a need to characterize some new foods that are being incorporated into the modern diet. Among them, edible flowers stand out, which are used today not only to enhance the organoleptic properties of gourmet dishes but also for some of the beneficial properties they provide to human health. In this study, the volatilomic fingerprint of seven edible flowers that are used daily in Michelin-starred restaurants on Madeira Island was established. For this purpose, the extraction of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) was carried out using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed a wide variability among the analyzed flowers. While fewer VOMs were detected in some flowers, other flowers, such as Viola tricolor and Rosa spp., exhibited a greater number of these compounds. Acmella oleracea had the highest number of detected VOMs. Each of these VOMs contributes to the characteristic aroma representative of the respective flower, highlighting their potential health benefits, as some are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and even anticancer properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30081799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T06:53:46Z","timestamp":1744872826000},"page":"1799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Edible Flowers in Modern Gastronomy: A Study of Their Volatilomic Fingerprint and Potential Health Benefits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7109-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pintor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica e Ambiental, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas para la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Perestelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6448-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Morante-Zarcero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica e Ambiental, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica e Ambiental, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas para la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultade de Ci\u00e8ncias Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114001","article-title":"Characterization of the aroma profile of edible flowers using HS-SPME\/GC\u2013MS and chemometrics","volume":"178","author":"Giannetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Nutritional content, functional properties and conservation of edible flowers","volume":"63","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Latinoam. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchioni, I., Gabriele, M., Carmassi, G., Ruffoni, B., Pistelli, L., Pistelli, L., and Najar, B. (2024). Phytochemical, nutritional and mineral content of four edible flowers. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13060939"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, J.S., Pieracci, Y., Carmassi, G., Ruffoni, B., Copetta, A., and Pistelli, L. (2023). Effect of drying post-harvest on the nutritional compounds of edible flowers. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9111248"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2017.03.017","article-title":"Edible flowers: A review of the nutritional, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and effects on human health","volume":"60","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.09.020","article-title":"Edible flowers: Emerging components in the diet","volume":"93","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"125","article-title":"Nutritional and health importance of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A review and indication for research needs","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108868","article-title":"Edible flowers: Bioactive profile and its potential to be used in food development","volume":"129","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/15528014.2020.1806636","article-title":"Clean eating and Instagram: Purity, defilement, and the idealization of food","volume":"23","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Cult. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2174\/2213235X04666160317000919","article-title":"Plant volatilome resources","volume":"4","author":"Misra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae444","article-title":"The complexity of volatile terpene biosynthesis in roses: Particular insights into \u03b2-citronellol production","volume":"196","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez, A., Benfodda, Z., B\u00e9nim\u00e9lis, D., Fontaine, J.X., Molini\u00e9, R., and Meffre, P. (2022). Extraction and identification of volatile organic compounds in scentless flowers of 14 Tillandsia species using HS-SPME\/GC-MS. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12070628"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2019.1639727","article-title":"An overview on the market of edible flowers","volume":"36","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-013-9587-7","article-title":"Optimization of focused ultrasound extraction and supercritical fluid extraction of volatile compounds and antioxidants from aromatic plants","volume":"6","author":"Omar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vrca, I., \u010cike\u0161 \u010culi\u0107, V., Lozi\u0107, M., Dunki\u0107, N., Kremer, D., Ru\u0161\u010di\u0107, M., Nazli\u0107, M., and Dunki\u0107, V. (2023). Isolation of volatile compounds by microwave-assisted extraction from six Veronica species and testing of their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12183244"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longo, V., Forleo, A., Provenzano, S.P., Coppola, L., Zara, V., Ferramosca, A., Siciliano, P., and Capone, S. (2018). HS-SPME-GC-MS metabolomics approach for sperm quality evaluation by semen volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express, 5.","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/aaeb07"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul, I., Goyal, P., Bhadoria, P.S., and Mitra, A. (2017). Developing efficient methods for unravelling headspace floral volatilome in Murraya paniculata for understanding ecological interactions. Applications of Biotechnology for Sustainable Development, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5538-6_10"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-018-3605-2","article-title":"Rapid plant volatiles screening using headspace SPME and person-portable gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"82","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izcara, S., Perestrelo, R., Morante-Zarcero, S., Sierra, I., and C\u00e2mara, J.S. (2022). Volatilomic fingerprinting from edible flowers. Unravelling some impact compounds behind its attractiveness. Food Biosci., 50.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.102188"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2012.06.006","article-title":"Microextraction techniques in the analysis of food flavor compounds: A review","volume":"738","author":"Majcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/chromatography2030293","article-title":"Recent developments and applications of solid phase microextraction (SPME) in food and environmental analysis\u2014A review","volume":"2","author":"Merkle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chromatography"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchioni, I., Najar, B., Ruffoni, B., Copetta, A., Pistelli, L., and Pistelli, L. (2020). Bioactive compounds and aroma profile of some Lamiaceae edible flowers. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9060691"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchioni, I., Pistelli, L., Ferri, B., Copetta, A., Ruffoni, B., Pistelli, L., and Najar, B. (2020). Phytonutritional content and aroma profile changes during postharvest storage of edible flowers. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.590968"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najar, B., Marchioni, I., Ruffoni, B., Copetta, A., Pistelli, L., and Pistelli, L. (2019). Volatilomic analysis of four edible flowers from Agastache genus. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24244480"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-018-3183-4","article-title":"Borage, calendula, cosmos, Johnny Jump up, and pansy flowers: Volatiles, bioactive compounds, and sensory perception","volume":"245","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2012.08.022","article-title":"Study of the volatile composition and sensory characteristics of new Sherry vinegar-derived products by maceration with fruits","volume":"50","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"LWT\u2014Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"29","article-title":"A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography","volume":"98","author":"Kratz","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.11.055","article-title":"Establishment of Monstera deliciosa fruit volatile metabolomic profile at different ripening stages using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"67","author":"Perestrelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109261","article-title":"Biocontrol potential of 1-pentanal emitted from lactic acid bacteria strains against Aspergillus flavus in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2015.11.005","article-title":"Flavors of the future: Health benefits of flavor precursors and volatile compounds in plant foods","volume":"48","author":"Ayseli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2022.10.036","article-title":"Antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy of ethyl acetate extract of Cymodocea serrulata and assess the major bioactive components in the extract using GC-MS analysis","volume":"124","author":"Narayanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Kazak, F. (2022). A bioactive compound: Eucalyptol. Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Bioactive Compounds, Livre de Lyon."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/46.8.690","article-title":"A GC\u2013MS Study of the Volatile Organic Composition of Straw and Oyster Mushrooms During Maturity and its Relation to Antioxidant Activity","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112259","article-title":"Health beneficial and pharmacological properties of p-cymene","volume":"153","author":"Balahbib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-12049-z","article-title":"The antifungal mechanisms of plant volatile compound 1-octanol against Aspergillus flavus growth","volume":"106","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Upadhyay, S., Orhan, I.E., Jugran, A.K., Jayaweera, S.L.D., Dias, D.A., Sharopov, F., Taheri, Y., Martins, N., and Baghalpour, N. (2019). Therapeutic potential of \u03b1- and \u03b2-pinene: A miracle gift of nature. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110738"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-8066-7","article-title":"Biotransformation of \u03b1-and \u03b2-pinene into flavor compounds","volume":"101","author":"Vespermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2017.33.2.097","article-title":"Terpenes from forests and human health","volume":"33","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Mander, L., and Liu, H.W. (2010). Comprehensive Natural Products II: Chemistry and Biology. Comprehensive Natural Products II: Chemistry and Biology, Elsevier Science. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential health benefits of major seed spices","volume":"3","author":"Rathore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Seed Spices"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, G.Q., Duan, W.G., Lin, G.S., Yu, Y.P., Wang, X.Y., and Lu, S.Z. (2019). Synthesis of bioactive compounds from 3-carene (II): Synthesis, antifungal activity and 3D-QSAR study of (Z)- and (E)-3-caren-5-one oxime sulfonates. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030477"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233710388452","article-title":"Antioxidative effects of curcumin, \u03b2-myrcene and 1,8-cineole against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in rats liver","volume":"27","author":"Ciftci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis and suppresses tumor aggressiveness in cultured human breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Suhail","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0452","article-title":"Human breast tissue disposition and bioactivity of limonene in women with early-stage breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"2213","article-title":"Effects of 3-butenyl isothiocyanate on phenotypically different prostate cancer cells","volume":"53","author":"Novio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of the volatile and polyphenol constituents and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the bioactive compounds from the by-product of Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. plena Regal tea","volume":"18","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarar, A., Peng, S., Cheema, S., and Peng, C.A. (2022). Anticancer activity, mechanism, and delivery of allyl isothiocyanate. Bioengineering, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9090470"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.816","article-title":"\u03b2-caryophyllene and \u03b2-caryophyllene oxide\u2014Natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties","volume":"5","author":"Fidyt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.116356","article-title":"GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics correlated with bioactivity assays unveiled seasonal variations in leaf essential oils of two species in Garcinia L.","volume":"194","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jud\u017eentien\u0117, A., Pe\u010diulyt\u0117, D., and Nedveckyt\u0117, I. (2024). In Situ Antimicrobial Properties of Sabinene Hydrate, a Secondary Plant Metabolite. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174252"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, B.K., Tripathi, M., Chaudhari, B.P., Pandey, P.K., and Kakkar, P. (2012). Natural terpenes prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and release of apoptotic proteins during nimesulide-hepatotoxicity in rats. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034200"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000070030","article-title":"Biological relevance of terpenoids: Overview focusing on mono-, di-and tetraterpenes","volume":"47","author":"Wagner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Nut. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(05)72015-X","article-title":"Terpenoids as plant antioxidants","volume":"72","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(99)00247-2","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of selected essential oil components in two lipid model systems","volume":"69","author":"Ruberto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.12.007","article-title":"Chemopreventive effects of \u03b2-ionone and geraniol during rat hepatocarcinogenesis promotion: Distinct actions on cell proliferation, apoptosis, HMGCoA reductase, and RhoA","volume":"22","author":"Cardozo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.04.044","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of 27 selected terpenoid compounds tested through modulating Th1\/Th2 cytokine secretion profiles using murine primary splenocytes","volume":"141","author":"Ku","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117399","article-title":"Antioxidant-efficient indicator determinate by the relationship between \u03b2-myrcene\/caryophyllene (\u03b1, \u03b2) on Hop (Humulus lupulus) essential oils under an accelerated oxidation test","volume":"205","author":"Guerberoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind.Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-014-2080-8","article-title":"Regulation of \u03b2-phellandrene synthase gene expression, recombinant protein accumulation, and monoterpene hydrocarbons production in Synechocystis transformants","volume":"240","author":"Formighieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4021","article-title":"Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four Mentha species","volume":"90","author":"Hussain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557513666131211110004","article-title":"Naturally occurring methyl salicylate glycosides","volume":"14","author":"Mao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mini Revs. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"012144","article-title":"Determination of bioactive compounds of superior mutant rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) in various fractions using GC-MS","volume":"Volume 794","author":"Sianipar","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6259","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1924","article-title":"Antirrhinum majus L. flower extract inhibits cell growth and metastatic properties in human colon and lung cancer cell lines","volume":"8","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1742730","article-title":"Lobularia maritima leave extract, a nutraceutical agent with antioxidant activity, protects against CCl\u2084-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"45","author":"Dhibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.07.010","article-title":"Anthocyanin-rich edible flowers, current understanding of a potential new trend in dietary patterns","volume":"138","author":"Teixeira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W486","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky310","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 4.0: Towards more transparent and integrative metabolomics analysis","volume":"46","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab382","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 5.0: Narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights","volume":"49","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/8\/1799\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:16:19Z","timestamp":1760030179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/8\/1799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30081799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30081799","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]}}}