{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:17:07Z","timestamp":1771258627433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE Program (Operational Program for Competitiveness)","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIROS, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Dent\u00e1rias da FMUC","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyaluronic acid (or hyaluronan) is a polysaccharide with therapeutic applications in dentistry due to its lubricating, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This study evaluates the diffusion, conductivity, and viscosity of the sodium salt of HyH (that is, NaHy) with different molecular weights (124 kDa, 245 kDa, and 1800 kDa) in artificial saliva at pH 2.3, 4, 5, 6.8, and 8. Using the Taylor dispersion technique at 298.15 K, diffusion coefficients were determined and analyzed based on Fick\u2019s second law equation. Results showed that NaHy diffusion was higher at acidic pH, particularly at pH 2.3, and decreased at pH 8, likely due to structural compaction in acidic conditions and expansion in alkaline media. The higher molecular weight of this polysaccharide exhibited greater diffusion and conductivity, suggesting an extended conformation that enhances mobility. These findings indicate that both pH and molecular weight significantly influence NaHy transport properties. Optimizing these parameters may enhance HA\u2019s bioavailability and effectiveness in topical oral applications, improving its therapeutic potential in treating periodontal and oral conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30102140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T06:40:23Z","timestamp":1747118423000},"page":"2140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diffusion of Sodium Hyaluronate in Artificial Saliva to Optimize Its Topical Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5031-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J. R.","family":"Carmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Esmeraldo P. Z.","family":"Salote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur J. M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C. F.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro M. G.","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIROS, Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences, Institute of Implantology and Prosthodontics, University of Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Engineering Mec\u00e2nica Pinhal de Marrocos, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9145-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia I. G.","family":"Fangaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIROS, Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences, Institute of Implantology and Prosthodontics, University of Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makdisi, J., Akbari, S., Zayeri, F., AslRoosta, H., and Yaghobee, S. (2023). Application of Hyaluronic Acid for Treatment of Interdental Papillary Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Dent., 20.","DOI":"10.18502\/fid.v20i19.12867"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid and Its Use in Dentistry","volume":"35","author":"Mucchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632016652906","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid: Perspectives in Dentistry. A Systematic Review","volume":"29","author":"Casale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. 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