{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T19:26:54Z","timestamp":1776281214301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development and characterization of a sustainable carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based material hosting Egyptian blue (EB) as a luminophore with emission in both the visible and NIR regions is herein presented and discussed, demonstrating its potential to be applied in a variety of applications, such as bioimaging, sensing, and security marking. Solution casting was used to synthesize the films, with citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent. Fully characterization was performed using attenuated total reflection (ATR) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy, zeta potential, UV\u2013Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results confirm the effective crosslinking of CMC with CA within CMC\u2013EB\u2013CA films with 1.5 and 3% of EB. The introduction of EB retained its usual NIR emission with \u03bbem max = ~950 nm reaching quantum yield values in the range of 11.2\u201312.8% while also enabling a stable dispersion within the CMC matrix, as confirmed using CARS imaging and zeta potential. Additionally, the CMC films exhibited the characteristic clustering-triggered emission (CTE) in the blue region at 430 nm with a slight increase in luminescence quantum yield (\u03a6) from 5.8 to 6.1% after crosslinking with citric acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1748489419000},"page":"2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Egyptian Blue into Carboxymetylcellulose: New Dual-Emissive Solid-State Luminescent Films"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3425-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, UdR-INSTM, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0822-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisele","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engenharia de Alimentos, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Laranjeiras do Sul, Laranjeiras do Sul 85301-970, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Ribeiro-Claro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4078-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, E-29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Marinotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC) \u201cGiulio Natta\u201d, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Roberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, UdR-INSTM, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-5307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariela","family":"Nolasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.216505","article-title":"Cellulose-based fluorescent materials for chemical sensing applications","volume":"532","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bresol\u00ed-Obach, R., Castro-Osma, J.A., Nonell, S., Lara-S\u00e1nchez, A., and Mart\u00edn, C. (2024). Polymers showing cluster triggered emission as potential materials in biophotonic applications. J. Photochem. Photobio. C Photochem. Rev., 58.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100653"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Through-Space Interactions in Clusteroluminescence","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QM00626B","article-title":"Recent Advances in Oligomers\/Polymers with Unconventional Chromophores","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.08.010","article-title":"Clusterization-triggered emission: Uncommon luminescence from common materials","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12616","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01087A","article-title":"Nonconventional Luminophores: Characteristics, Advancements and Perspectives","volume":"50","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202400633","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202400633","article-title":"Multicolor, Non Traditional Intrinsically Luminescent Polymers: Recent Advances","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b00123","article-title":"Clustering-Triggered Emission and Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Sodium Alginate","volume":"19","author":"Dou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2017.12.005","article-title":"Efficient persistent room temperature phosphorescence achieved through Zn2+ doped sodium carboxymethyl cellulose composites","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10118-019-2215-2","article-title":"Clustering-triggered Emission of Cellulose and Its Derivatives","volume":"37","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, L., Li, X., An, X., Chen, Z., and Xiao, H. (2019). Clustering-Triggered Emission of Carboxymethylated Nanocellulose. Front. Chem., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00447"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115102","article-title":"Facile preparation of luminescent cellulose nanocrystals with aggregation-induced emission feature through Ce(IV) redox polymerization","volume":"223","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202000021","article-title":"Intrinsic Luminescence from Nonaromatic Biomolecules","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805252","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.805252","article-title":"Tunable Photoluminescence Properties of Cotton Fiber with Gradually Changing Crystallinity","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2022.214951","article-title":"Luminescent materials derived from biomass resources","volume":"477","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101372","article-title":"Natural polysaccharide-based room-temperature phosphorescence materials: Designs, properties, and applications","volume":"148","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2024.10.009","article-title":"Photoluminescent materials from woody biomass resources","volume":"6","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.4c00013","article-title":"Unique Optical Properties of Cellulosic Materials","volume":"5","author":"Poisson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2024.102211","article-title":"Multicolor room temperature phosphorescence cellulose with source-boosting effect for information encryption","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.08.009","article-title":"Pastes and hydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt as supporting electrolyte of solid electrochemical supercapacitors","volume":"200","author":"Edo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA08244F","article-title":"Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Materials as an Alternative Source for Sustainable Electrochemical Devices: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Akhlaq","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaradoddi, J.S., Banapurmath, N.R., Ganachari, S.V., Soudagar, M.E.M., Mubarak, N.M., Hallad, S., Hugar, S., and Fayaz, H. (2020). Biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose based material for sustainable packaging application. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78912-z"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, S., Hasan, S., Nitai, A.S., Nam, S., Karmakar, A.K., Ahsan, S., Shiddiky, M.J.A., and Ahmed, M.B. (2021). Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13081345"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.3c00211","article-title":"Shedding Light on Cuprorivaite, the Egyptian Blue Pigment: Joining Neutrons and Photons for a Computational Spectroscopy Study","volume":"23","author":"Coimbra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2021.120699","article-title":"An evergreen blue. Spectroscopic properties of Egyptian blue from pyramids to Raphael, and beyond","volume":"530","author":"Sgamellotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25189","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c06060","article-title":"Magnetic and New Optical Properties in the UV\u2013visible Range of the Egyptian Blue Pigment Cuprorivaite CaCuSi4O10","volume":"125","author":"Binet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1039\/b902563d","article-title":"The Exceptional Near-Infrared Luminescence Properties of Cuprorivaite (Egyptian Blue)","volume":"23","author":"Accorsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1296-2074(00)01095-5","article-title":"Photoluminescence of the inorganic pigments Egyptian blue, Han blue and Han purple","volume":"1","author":"Pozza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1039\/b501536g","article-title":"Materials for Fluorescence-Based Optical Chemical Sensors","volume":"15","author":"Wolfbeis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9371","DOI":"10.1021\/ac402275g","article-title":"New Life of Ancient Pigments: Application in High-Performance Optical Sensing Materials","volume":"85","author":"Borisov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2019.100208","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, and application of a lipophilic coated exfoliated Egyptian blue for near infrared luminescent latent fingermark detection","volume":"18","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TC04228J","article-title":"Multimodal Anti-Counterfeiting Inks: Modern Use of an Ancient Pigment in Synergy with a Persistent Phosphor","volume":"13","author":"Armetta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19885","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA00956G","article-title":"Egyptian Blue: From Pigment to Battery Electrodes","volume":"11","author":"Tyler","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15299-5","article-title":"Exfoliated near Infrared Fluorescent Silicate Nanosheets for (Bio)Photonics","volume":"11","author":"Selvaggio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10395","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC01966K","article-title":"Temperature-Dependent near-Infrared Emission of Highly Concentrated Cu2+ in CaCuSi4O10 Phosphor","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobik, P., Jeremiasz, O., Nowak, P., Sala, A., Paw\u0142owski, B., Kulesza-Matlak, G., Sypie\u0144, A., and Drabczyk, K. (2021). Towards Efficient Luminescent Solar Energy Concentrator Using Cuprorivaite Infrared Phosphor (CaCuSi4O10)\u2014Effect of Dispersing Method on Photoluminescence Intensity. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14143952"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nongnual, T., Butprom, N., Boonsang, S., and Kaewpirom, S. (2024). Citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: A case study on preserving freshness in bananas. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 267.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131135"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todor-Boer, O., Petrovai, I., Tarcan, R., Vulpoi, A., David, L., Astilean, S., and Botiz, I. (2019). Enhancing Photoluminescence Quenching in Donor\u2013Acceptor PCE11:PPCBMB Films through the Optimization of Film Microstructure. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9121757"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1995.070580915","article-title":"Mechanism of Crosslinking of Papers with Polyfunctional Carboxylic Acid","volume":"58","author":"Zhou","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.05.050","article-title":"Citric acid cross-linking of starch films","volume":"118","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(02)00191-1","article-title":"Film properties from crosslinking of cellulosic derivatives with a polyfunctional carboxylic acid","volume":"51","author":"Coma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1039\/c2py00493c","article-title":"Citric Acid as a Benign Alternative to Metal Catalysts for the Production of Cellulose-Grafted-Polycaprolactone Copolymers","volume":"3","author":"Labet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1002\/app.28660","article-title":"Novel Superabsorbent Cellulose-Based Hydrogels Crosslinked with Citric Acid","volume":"110","author":"Demitri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-014-0204-8","article-title":"Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Based Hydrogels: Synthesis and Characterization","volume":"21","author":"Seki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magri, V.R., Duarte, A., Perotti, G.F., and Constantino, V.R.L. (2019). Investigation of Thermal Behavior of Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Carboxymethylcellulose Aiming Bio-Carbon Based Nanocomposites. ChemEngineering, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemengineering3020055"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-019-02985-8","article-title":"Development of Novel Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose\/Poly(Potassium 1-Hydroxy Acrylate): Synthesis, Characterization and Properties","volume":"77","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.07.043","article-title":"Preparation of pH- and ionic-strength responsive biodegradable fumaric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose","volume":"90","author":"Akar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2011.07.050","article-title":"DSC, TGA and dielectric properties of carboxymethyl cellulose\/polyvinyl alcohol blends","volume":"406","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fhfh.2021.100047","article-title":"Encapsulation of sacha inchi oil in complex coacervates formed by carboxymethylcellulose and lactoferrin for controlled release of \u03b2-carotene","volume":"2","author":"Constantino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll. Health"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"1790","article-title":"Rheological and Electrokinetic Properties of Carboxymethylcellulose-Water Dispersions in the Presence of Salts","volume":"7","author":"Benyounes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqahtani, N.K., Alnemr, T.M., Shulaybi, F.A., Mohamed, H.A., and Gouda, M. (2023). Carboxymethyl-Cellulose-Containing Ag Nanoparticles as an Electrochemical Working Electrode for Fast Hydroxymethyl-Furfural Sensing in Date Molasses. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15010079"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347072","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/347072","article-title":"Vibrational Study and Force Field of the Citric Acid Dimer Based on the SQM Methodology","volume":"1","author":"Bichara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.129013","article-title":"Spectroscopic and thermal analyses for the effect of acetic acid on the plasticized sodium carboxymethyl cellulose","volume":"1224","author":"Badry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32436","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA04344A","article-title":"Cellulose nanocrystals as host matrix and waveguide materials for recyclable luminescent solar concentrators","volume":"7","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffini, G. (2019). Host Matrix Materials for Luminescent Solar Concentrators: Recent Achievements and Forthcoming Challenges. Front. Mater., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2019.00029"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3093(92)90052-L","article-title":"Excitons in SiO2: A review","volume":"149","author":"Trukhin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3719\/21\/26\/017","article-title":"Optical Studies of Self-Trapped Excitons in SiO2","volume":"21","author":"Itoh","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Phys. C Solid State Phys."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2021.120744","article-title":"The intriguing effect of thiolates as co-ligands in platinum(II) complexes bearing a cyclometalated 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene","volume":"532","author":"Fagnani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberto, D., Colombo, A., Dragonetti, C., Fagnani, F., Cocchi, M., and Marinotto, D. (2022). A Novel Class of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes for Solution-Processable OLEDs. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165171"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagnani, F., Colombo, A., Malandrino, G., Dragonetti, C., and Pellegrino, A.L. (2022). Luminescent 1,10-Phenanthroline \u03b2-Diketonate Europium Complexes with Large Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27206990"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2023.121446","article-title":"New members of a class of cyclometalated 1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)benzene platinum(II) complexes bearing a tetrazole-thiolate ancillary ligand","volume":"550","author":"Fagnani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9850","DOI":"10.1039\/b912178a","article-title":"Reevaluation of absolute luminescence quantum yields of standard solutions using a spectrometer with an integrating sphere and a back-thinned CCD detector","volume":"11","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/11\/2359\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:42:40Z","timestamp":1760031760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/11\/2359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30112359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30112359","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}}}