{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:50:46Z","timestamp":1765547446750,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme","award":["101069686","FCT UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101069686","FCT UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Emerging Technologies\u2013LAETA","award":["101069686","FCT UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101069686","FCT UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Engineering Faculty of the University of Porto","award":["101069686","FCT UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101069686","FCT UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing demand for high-energy, safe, and sustainable lithium-ion batteries has increased interest in nickel-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes. This study presents a scalable wet-processing method for fabricating composite cathodes for all-solid-state batteries. The cathodes studied herein are high-nickel LiNi0.90Mn0.05Co0.05O2, NMC955, the sulfide-based electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, and alternative binders\u2014polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyisobutylene (PIB)\u2014dispersed in toluene, a non-polar solvent compatible with the electrolyte. After fabrication, the cathodes were characterized using SEM\/EDX, sheet resistance, and Hall effect measurements. Electrochemical tests were additionally performed in all-solid-state battery half-cells comprising the synthesized cathodes, lithium metal anodes, and Li6PS5Cl as the separator and electrolyte. The results show that both PIB and PVA formulations yielded conductive cathodes with stable microstructures and uniform particle distribution. Electrochemical characterization exposed that the PVA-based cathode outperformed the PIB-based counterpart, achieving the theoretical capacity of 192 mAh\u00b7g\u22121 even at 1C, whereas the PIB cathode reached a maximum capacity of 145 mAh.g\u22121 at C\/40. Post-mortem analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the cathodes. These findings demonstrate the viability of NMC955 as a high-capacity cathode material compatible with solid-state systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30142974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1752580378000},"page":"2974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6701-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Moura","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela C.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-2154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Helena","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Markets and Markets (2025, March 24). Lithium-Ion Battery Market Size, Share and Growth Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/lithium-ion-battery-market-49714593.html?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw1um-BhDtARIsABjU5x4h8ruL5crN1XqYbete5aC-1FNAa1kVcqh6W4N1yiFgMxRgJaleLmQaAuEDEALw_wcB."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00875E","article-title":"High-voltage positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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