{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T01:01:36Z","timestamp":1771981296931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Pelargonium genus, encompassing over 280 species, remains markedly underexplored despite extensive traditional use for respiratory, gastrointestinal, and dermatological disorders. This review of aqueous, alcoholic, and hydroalcoholic extracts reveals critical research gaps: only 10 species have undergone chemical characterization, while 17 have been evaluated for biological activities. Phytochemical analysis identified 252 unique molecules across all studies, with flavonoids emerging as the predominant class (n = 108). Glycosylated derivatives demonstrated superior bioactivity profiles compared to non-glycosylated analogs. Phenolic acids (n = 43) and coumarins (n = 31) represented additional major classes. Experimental studies primarily documented antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, with emerging evidence for antidiabetic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. However, methodological heterogeneity across studies limits comparative analysis and comprehensive understanding. In silico target prediction analysis was performed on 197 high-confidence molecular structures. Glycosylated flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones, and coumarins showed strong predicted interactions with key inflammatory targets (ALOX15, ALOX5, PTGER4, and NOS2) and metabolic regulators (GSK3A and PI4KB), providing mechanistic support for observed therapeutic effects and suggesting potential applications in chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. These findings underscore the substantial therapeutic potential of underexplored Pelargonium species and advocate for systematic research employing untargeted metabolomics, standardized bioassays, and compound-specific mechanistic validation to fully unlock the pharmacological potential of this diverse genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1753884041000},"page":"3198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Pelargonium sp.: A Review with In Silico Insights into Potential Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7755-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Celi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA), Quito 170504, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Jimenes-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA), Quito 170504, Ecuador"},{"name":"Departament of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus Elvi\u00f1a s\/n, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5089-8723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia dos A\u00e7ores (CBA), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Bacteriolog\u00eda, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-1498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda en Alimentos (LabInAli), Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioexploraci\u00f3n, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Tejera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA), Quito 170504, Ecuador"},{"name":"Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA), Quito 170504, Ecuador"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.037","article-title":"A historical, scientific and commercial perspective on the medicinal use of Pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae)","volume":"119","author":"Brendler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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