{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:20:08Z","timestamp":1778181608842,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tripleurospermum disciforme (C.A.Mey.) Sch. Bip. is known as the \u201cPlain Chamomile\u201d of the Asteraceae family, the most prominent plant family and one that has been studied extensively due to its numerous genera and species. In traditional herbal medicine, T. disciforme has been used to treat digestive, neurological, and skin disorders. This study aimed to document ethnobotanical knowledge and assess the pharmacological potential of medicinal plants, specifically T. disciforme, across the provinces of Guilan, Alborz, and Qazvin in Iran, through ethnobotanical surveys. These surveys identified the most utilized plant families as Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Theaceae, with T. disciforme cited by 42% of participants, emphasizing its significance in local traditional medicine. Given its high relative frequency of citation and reported medicinal applications, T. disciforme extracts were subjected to UHPLC\u2013timsTOF\u2013MS analysis for further phytochemical profiling and a series of biological assays. Several phenolic compounds such as neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and p-hydroxyphenylethanol acetate were recurrently detected across extracts. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 12.496 \u00b5g\/mL) and exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus (MIC = 312 \u00b5g\/mL). Additionally, the hexane extract revealed notable cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, to date, this is the first investigation of T. disciforme to integrate ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological approaches to medicinal plant research in these regions of Iran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30183685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T14:14:55Z","timestamp":1757513695000},"page":"3685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bioactive Compounds and Traditional Uses of Tripleurospermum disciforme (C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip.: A Comprehensive Study on Its Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6894-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parvaneh","family":"Sheydaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8308-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Centre of Beiras (CACB), Edif\u00edcio UBImedical, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Yousefbeyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41346-14335, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Centre of Beiras (CACB), Edif\u00edcio UBImedical, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-1645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza","family":"Breitenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Em\u00edlia","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. In-fante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Omidbeigi, R. (2015). 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