{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:09:16Z","timestamp":1773410956309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa","award":["PD21-00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD21-00009"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o La Caixa","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD21-00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD21-00009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD21-00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD21-00009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The plants used in folk medicine have been increasingly studied to identify their bioactive properties. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the bioactivity of the hydroethanolic extracts of plants collected in Gardunha Mountain, Portugal. Seven abundant and representative wild plants were studied: Cistus salviifolius, Clinopodium vulgare, Coincya monensis, Glandora prostrata, Helichrysum stoechas, Rubia peregrina, and Umbilicus rupestris. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined by UHPLC-timsTOF-MS and by spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity and the biocompatibility of the extracts were tested. The extracts were predominantly composed of flavonoids and phenolic acids, such as gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid and quercetin glycosides. The C. salviifolius extracts demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity related to scavenging free radicals (AAI = 2.84 and 2.93). Regarding antimicrobial activity, the H. stoechas extract exhibited inhibitory effects, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts (MIC = 0.008\u20130.5 mg\/mL). The C. monensis, R. peregrina, and U. rupestris extracts showed low cytotoxicity (viability &gt; 70%) in the highest concentration tested. These findings highlight C. salviifolius and H. stoechas as promising sources of novel bioactive compounds, particularly antimicrobials in controlling microbial growth and promoting associated health benefits, and underscore the value of traditional medicinal plants as a guide for pharmacological studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:05:13Z","timestamp":1758801913000},"page":"3876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bioactive Potential of Wild Plants from Gardunha Mountain: Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Sobre Problemas Relacionados Com Toxicofilias, Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngelo","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Dinis","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C-MAST\u2014Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8308-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112974","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Use of Herbal Medicines in the Universal Health Coverage System in Indonesia","volume":"260","author":"Rahayu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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