{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T16:47:07Z","timestamp":1762188427590,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ericaceae family encompasses several berries with recognized health-promoting properties; however, Macleania rupestris, a neotropical species endemic to the Andean region, remains poorly characterized. Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of M. rupestris ethanolic extracts and evaluate their biological activities, including antitumoral, hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, and leishmanicidal effects. Methods: The M. rupestris ethanolic extracts were obtained from lyophilized fruits and analyzed by HPLC-MS\/MS for phytochemical profiling. Bioactivities were assessed in vitro using tumor and non-tumor cell lines (MTT assay), erythrocyte hemolysis assays, RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation models, and Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Results: The chemical analysis revealed anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-arabinoside), flavonols (quercetin and myricetin derivatives), and coumaroyl iridoids. The extract showed modest antiproliferative activity (IC50 10.4\u201322.5 mg\/mL) across tumor cell lines with low therapeutic indices, indicating limited selectivity. In contrast, hemolytic activity was negligible (&lt;5% at all tested concentrations), suggesting high biocompatibility. Anti-inflammatory assays indicated a dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production, while no significant leishmanicidal activity was detected. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the previously listed M. rupestris bioactivities. While its antitumoral effects appear limited, its strong hemocompatibility and presence of antioxidant metabolites highlight its potential for biomedical and nutraceutical applications where biocompatibility is critical. Further studies are needed to optimize bioactivity and explore potential synergistic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T16:18:42Z","timestamp":1762186722000},"page":"4251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro Biological Activities of Macleania rupestris (Ericaceae): Insights into Nutraceutical Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0220-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Mayorga-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5630-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Gonzalez-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3881-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Puente-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8129-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Barba-Ostria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador"},{"name":"Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Tejera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170504, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Aplicadas, Carrera de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170504, Ecuador"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Celi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170504, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Aplicadas, Carrera de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170504, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9611-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Rojas-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3886-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Pe\u00f1aherrera-Pazmi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3756-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda P.","family":"Guam\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u0103u, G.A., Bernadette-Em\u0151ke, T., Odocheanu, R., Soporan, D.A., Bochi\u0219, M., Simon, E., and Vodnar, D.C. 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