{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1774907804728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre Poland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["8 2024\/08\/X\/ST5\/00185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8 2024\/08\/X\/ST5\/00185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Minister of Science and Higher Education Republic of Poland","award":["2022-136443OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-136443OB-I00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"MCIU","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FPU23\/01959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU23\/01959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flavonoids are naturally occurring compounds with reported anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective and antioxidant effects. They are increasingly incorporated in functional foods designed to promote health, enhance well-being, and support physical performance. However, their practical use is limited because of their low water solubility and poor absorption within the body. An effective strategy for developing new flavonoid-based formulations involves their transformation into molecular complexes (cocrystals) through cocrystallization, a method that has emerged a powerful tool to modulate the physicochemical and biological properties of polyphenols and other relevant drugs. Cocrystals are stabilized through non-covalent interactions, which can introduce new physicochemical properties to the original molecules (coformers) while retaining the chemical properties of the coformers, as no bonds are broken or formed. Flavonoid-based cocrystals can be obtained through a variety of methods using different coformers, and we aim here to review cocrystals containing flavonoids and coformers, with a focus on their methods of synthesis, physicochemical and biological characteristics, as well as their potential applications in both the food and pharmaceutical sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:14:45Z","timestamp":1762506885000},"page":"4315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Flavonoid-Based Cocrystals: A Comprehensive Study on Their Synthesis, Characterization, Physicochemical Properties and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7720-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula Izabela","family":"Macio\u0142ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2623-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kosi\u0144ska-Pezda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Senra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Losada-Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9468-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Bravo-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"M\u00e9rillon, J.-M., and Ramawat, K.G. (2017). Flavonoids\u2014Food Sources, Health Benefits, and Mechanisms Involved. Bioactive Molecules in Food, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1515\/ci-2018-0427","article-title":"Nomenclature of flavonoids (IUPAC Recommendations 2017)","volume":"40","author":"Rauter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.41","article-title":"Flavonoids: An overview","volume":"5","author":"Panche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini, D., Kesharwani, R.K., and Keservani, R.K. (2024). The Flavonoids: Extraction and Applications, Apple Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003399964"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, C.H., and Mart\u00edn, J.F.G. (2022). The Book of Flavonoids, Nova Science Publishers.","DOI":"10.52305\/WGCH6543"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132531","article-title":"Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity","volume":"383","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"12","article-title":"Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, N., Ashique, S., Gowda, B.H.J., Farid, A., and Garg, A. (2024). Role of Flavonoids in Chronic Metabolic Diseases: From Bench to Clinic, Scrivener Publishing LLC.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394238071"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattioli, R., and Francioso, A. (2020). Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173809"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2174\/1573407214666180821115312","article-title":"Bioactivity and Functionality of Anthocyanins: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Dini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Bioact. Compd."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciardullo, G., Orlando, C., Russo, N., Marchese, E., Galano, A., Marino, T., and Prejan\u00f2, M. (2024). On the dual role of (+)-catechin as primary antioxidant and inhibitor of viral proteases. Comput. Biol. Med., 180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108953"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104172","article-title":"A review on anti-cancer effect of green tea catechins","volume":"74","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107871","article-title":"Naringenin\/naringin therapeutic effects and the role of intestinal microflora in them","volume":"219","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Wu, S., Ye, C., Li, P., Xu, B., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Chen, X., and Chen, J. (2025). In vivo metabolic effects of naringin in reducing oxidative stress and protecting the vascular endothelium in dyslipidemic mice. J. Nutr. Biochem., 139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.109866"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7368","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the cardio-protective activity of naringin based on pre-clinical evidences","volume":"36","author":"Viswanatha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.04.016","article-title":"The effect of hesperidin supplementation on inflammatory markers in human adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials","volume":"307","author":"Lorzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5256","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin: An updated review of their molecular mechanisms and experimental models","volume":"29","author":"Parhiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allemailem, K.S., Almatroudi, A., Alharbi, H.O.A., AlSuhaymi, N., Alsugoor, M.H., Aldakheel, F.M., Khan, A.A., and Rahmani, A.H. (2024). Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061353"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104870","article-title":"Antiviral activity of Apigenin against buffalopox: Novel mechanistic insights and drug-resistance considerations","volume":"181","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.07.006","article-title":"In vitro antifungal activity of baicalin against Candida albicans biofilms via apoptotic induction","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.06.084","article-title":"Baicalin promotes antibacterial defenses by modulating mitochondrial function","volume":"621","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.11.008","article-title":"Luteolin protects against vascular inflammation in mice and TNF-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via suppressing I\u039aB\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"26","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Men, X., Li, S., Cai, X., Fu, L., Shao, Y., and Zhu, Y. (2023). Antiviral Activity of Luteolin against Pseudorabies Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040761"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.023","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin in human in vitro and in vivo models","volume":"218","author":"Kleemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baqer, S.H., Al-Shawi, S.G., and Al-Younis, Z.K. (2024). Quercetin, the Potential Powerful Flavonoid for Human and Food: A Review. Front. Biosci. Elite Ed., 16.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbe1603030"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jan, R., Khan, M., Asaf, S., Asif, S., and Kim, K.-M. (2022). Bioactivity and Therapeutic Potential of Kaempferol and Quercetin: New Insights for Plant and Human Health. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192623"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9046","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4479","article-title":"Structural and in vitro anticancer properties of the kaempferol\u2013lactoferrin complex","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5854","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2513","article-title":"Myricetin: A comprehensive review on its biological potentials","volume":"9","author":"Imran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249780","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of myricetin isolated from Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. leaves","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715206299272240409043726","article-title":"Biosynthesis and Anticancer Activity of Genistein Glycoside Derivatives","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.023","article-title":"Genistein as antioxidant and antibrowning agents in in vivo and in vitro: A review","volume":"82","author":"Hongsprabhas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-060721-023817","article-title":"Bioavailability of Food Polyphenols: Current State of Knowledge","volume":"16","author":"Williamson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100167","article-title":"Flavonoids as promising molecules in the cancer therapy: An insight","volume":"6","author":"Mir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Pharmacol. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liga, S., Paul, C., and P\u00e9ter, F. (2023). Flavonoids: Overview of Biosynthesis, Biological Activity, and Current Extraction Techniques. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12142732"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.03.003","article-title":"Pharmaceutical cocrystals, salts and multicomponent systems; intermolecular interactions and property based design","volume":"117","author":"Berry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaker\u00f6y, C.B., and Sinha, A.S. (2018). Co-crystals: Introduction and Scope. Co-Crystals: Preparation, Characterization and Applications, The Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788012874"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.9b00541","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Cocrystals of Isoniazid: Synthesis, Solid State Characterization, and Hepatotoxicity Studies","volume":"19","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2023.111598","article-title":"Co-crystallization of lactose-flavonoids using Panela cheese whey","volume":"357","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.01.035","article-title":"Cocrystallization: A tool to modulate physicochemical and biological properties of food-relevant polyphenols","volume":"110","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1021\/cg501009c","article-title":"Cocrystallization of Nutraceuticals","volume":"15","author":"Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad097","article-title":"Pharmaceutical co-crystals: A green way to enhance drug stability and solubility for improved therapeutic efficacy","volume":"76","author":"Chettri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7341","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CE00291G","article-title":"Systematic coformer contribution to cocrystal stabilization: Energy and packing trends","volume":"22","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052520616003954","article-title":"The Cambridge Structural Database","volume":"72","author":"Groom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B Struct. Sci. Cryst. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6158","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.4c00312","article-title":"Enriching Undergraduate Students\u2019 Learning with the Wealth of the Cambridge Structural Database","volume":"24","author":"Abourahma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M., Barua, H., Jyothi, V.G.S.S., Dhondale, M.R., Nambiar, A.G., Agrawal, A.K., Kumar, P., Shastri, N.R., and Kumar, D. (2023). Cocrystals by Design: A Rational Coformer Selection Approach for Tackling the API Problems. Encapsul. Nat. Polyphenol. Compd. A Rev., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041161"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wathoni, N., Sari, W.A., Elamin, K.M., Mohammed, A.F.A., and Suharyani, I. (2022). A Review of Coformer Utilization in Multicomponent Crystal Formation. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248693"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.139868","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Theoretical Screening Methods for Pharmaceutical Cocrystals","volume":"1321","author":"Roshni","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CE00021H","article-title":"Discovery of new cocrystals beyond serendipity: Lessons learned from successes and failures","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00557","article-title":"Cocrystals and a Salt of the Bioactive Flavonoid: Naringenin","volume":"18","author":"Khandavilli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b01911","article-title":"Improving Compliance and Decreasing Drug Accumulation of Diethylstilbestrol through Cocrystallization","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202402886","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202402886","article-title":"Bifunctional Chiral Agent Enables One-pot Spontaneous Deracemization of Racemic Compounds","volume":"63","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c01519","article-title":"Cocrystals of Propylthiouracil and Nutraceuticals toward Sustained-Release: Design, Structure Analysis, and Solid-State Characterization","volume":"21","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.1c00229","article-title":"Drug\u2013Drug Cocrystallization Simultaneously Improves Pharmaceutical Properties of Genistein and Ligustrazine","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.128893","article-title":"Cocrystallisation of Daidzein with pyridine-derived molecules: Screening, structure determination and characterisation","volume":"1222","author":"Bolus","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.1c01016","article-title":"Two Cocrystal Polymorphs of Palmatine Chloride with Racemic Hesperetin","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.9b00939","article-title":"Two Cocrystals of Berberine Chloride with Myricetin and Dihydromyricetin: Crystal Structures, Characterization, and Antitumor Activities","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.124954","article-title":"Sustainable preparation of spherical particles of novel carbamazepine-hesperetin cocrystal via different crystallization strategies: From mechanism to application","volume":"327","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c23-00109","article-title":"Novel Pharmaceutical Cocrystals and Solvate Crystals of Nobiletin, a Citrus Flavonoid with Potent Pharmacological Activity","volume":"71","author":"Tokunaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.134992","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of novel sophocarpine salts with improvements on stability and solubility","volume":"1279","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c01595","article-title":"Insight into the Formation of Cocrystals of Flavonoids and 4,4\u2032-Vinylenedipyridine: Heteromolecular Hydrogen Bonds, Molar Ratio, and Structural Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ejarque, D., Calvet, T., Font-Bardia, M., and Pons, J. (2021). Cocrystals Based on 4,4\u2032-bipyridine: Influence of Crystal Packing on Melting Point. Crystals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11020191"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1039\/b806911e","article-title":"Site-selective supramolecular synthesis of halogen-bonded cocrystals incorporating the photoactive azo group","volume":"10","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40010-014-0142-8","article-title":"Temozolomide Cocrystals Exhibit Drug Sensitivity in Glioblastoma Cells","volume":"84","author":"Kusuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. A Phys. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.6b00200","article-title":"Solvates, Salts, and Cocrystals: A Proposal for a Feasible Classification System","volume":"16","author":"Grothe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.3c00030","article-title":"Apigenin Cocrystals: From Computational Prescreening to Physicochemical Property Characterization","volume":"23","author":"Makadia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.137027","article-title":"A pharmaceutical cocrystal of apigenin with piperazine: Preparation, structural characterization, and dissolution performance","volume":"1298","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"865","article-title":"Crystal structure of 9,10-dimethoxy-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinolin-7-ium 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate trihydrate, C35H33NO12","volume":"233","author":"Yanjie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Z.  Krist. New Cryst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c01706","article-title":"Theoretical Calculation and Structural Analysis of the Cocrystals of Three Flavonols with Praziquantel","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103228","article-title":"Drug-drug cocrystals of theophylline with quercetin","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4885","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.2c00370","article-title":"Two Cocrystals of Olaparib with Flavonoids toward Sustained Release: Structure, Dissolution Behavior, and Anticancer Activity Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.3c00590","article-title":"Tuning the Pharmacokinetic Performance of Quercetin by Cocrystallization","volume":"23","author":"Haskins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.9b00294","article-title":"Cocrystals of Natural Products: Improving the Dissolution Performance of Flavonoids Using Betaine","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00576","article-title":"Protective Effects of Quercetin against Pyrazinamide Induced Hepatotoxicity via a Cocrystallization Strategy of Complementary Advantages","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300166","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202300166","article-title":"Binary Co-Crystals of Quercetin: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Characterization","volume":"88","author":"Mendyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.2c00424","article-title":"Playing with Isostructurality from Binary Cocrystals to Ternary Cocrystal Solvates of Quercetin: Tuning Colors of Pigment","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2016.10.034","article-title":"Cocrystals of kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin with 4,4\u2032-bipyridine: Crystal structures, analyses of intermolecular interactions and antibacterial properties","volume":"1130","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.132150","article-title":"Cocrystals of flavonoids with 4,4\u2032-ethylenebispyridine: Crystal structures analysis, dissolution behavior, and anti-tumor activity","volume":"1252","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6390","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.2c00861","article-title":"Conformational Trimorphism in an Ionic Cocrystal of Hesperetin","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c01153","article-title":"Temozolomide\u2013Hesperetin Drug\u2013Drug Cocrystal with Optimized Performance in Stability, Dissolution, and Tabletability","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CE00402C","article-title":"Pirfenidone\u2013flavonoid cocrystals with reduced solubility and dissolution rate","volume":"25","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.6b01769","article-title":"Cocrystals of Hesperetin: Structural, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Chadha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Yang, F., and Zhao, X. (2022). Crystal Structure, Solubility, and Pharmacokinetic Study on a Hesperetin Cocrystal with Piperine as Coformer. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010094"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2023.11.016","article-title":"Cocrystals of carbamazepine: Structure, mechanical properties, fluorescence properties, solubility, and dissolution rate","volume":"90","author":"Ouyang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Li, S., Li, Q., Wang, W., Liu, M., Yang, S., Zhang, L., Yang, D., Du, G., and Lu, Y. (2024). A Novel Cocrystal of Daidzein with Piperazine to Optimize the Solubility, Permeability and Bioavailability of Daidzein. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29081710"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252523000118","article-title":"Enantioselectivity of chiral dihydromyricetin in multicomponent solid solutions regulated by subtle structural mutation","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Union Crystallogr. J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NJ04113K","article-title":"The role of 3-OH in the self-assembly of pharmaceutical cocrystals of dihydroflavonol with 4,4\u2032-bipyridine","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.06.021","article-title":"A Drug-Drug Cocrystal of Dihydromyricetin and Pentoxifylline","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"913","article-title":"Crystal structure of 5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]chinolizinium 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate-methanol-water (1\/1\/1), C36H33NO10","volume":"232","author":"Lou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z.  Krist. New Cryst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.084","article-title":"Preparation of a 1:1 cocrystal of genistein with 4,4\u2032-bipyridine","volume":"458","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Li, Q., An, Q., Gong, L., Yang, S., Zhang, B., Su, B., Yang, D., Zhang, L., and Lu, Y. (2023). Optimized solubility and bioavailability of genistein based on cocrystal engineering. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect., 13.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-023-00397-w"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"681","article-title":"Crystal structure of 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate methanol solvate, C37H35N1O10","volume":"232","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z.  Krist. New Cryst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budziak, I., Arczewska, M., and Kami\u0144ski, D.M. (2019). Formation of Prenylated Chalcone Xanthohumol Cocrystals: Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction, Vibrational Spectroscopic Study Coupled with Multivariate Analysis. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234245"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8199","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c06239","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of a (\u2212)-Epicatechin and Barbituric Acid Cocrystal: Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leng, F., Robeyns, K., and Leyssens, T. (2021). Urea as a Cocrystal Former\u2014Study of 3 Urea Based Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Encapsul. Nat. Polyphenol. Compd. A Rev., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050671"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.4c00293","article-title":"Flavone Cocrystals: A Comprehensive Approach Integrating Experimental and Virtual Methods","volume":"24","author":"Petrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2023.2300690","article-title":"Pharmaceutical cocrystals: A rising star in drug delivery applications","volume":"32","author":"Panzade","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"Laidler, K.J. (1987). Chemical Kinetics, Pearson Education. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Anslyn, E.V., and Dougherty, D.A. (2006). Modern Physical Organic Chemistry, University Science Books."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2021.102527","article-title":"In-silico methods of cocrystal screening: A review on tools for rational design of pharmaceutical cocrystals","volume":"63","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.7b01375","article-title":"Evaluating the Energetic Driving Force for Cocrystal Formation","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1039\/c3sc51419f","article-title":"The curious case of (caffeine)\u00b7(benzoic acid): How heteronuclear seeding allowed the formation of an elusive cocrystal","volume":"4","author":"Day","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252520015997","article-title":"Competitive cocrystallization and its application in the separation of flavonoids","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"IUCrJ"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0527.3560","article-title":"Imaging supermolecular interactions of the pharmaceutical-cocrystal of apigenin-nicotinamide binding with serum albumin","volume":"47","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8088","DOI":"10.1039\/D2GC02949A","article-title":"Cocrystal engineering strategy for sustained release and leaching reduction of herbicides: A case study of metamitron","volume":"24","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.2c01120","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Pyrazinamide\u2013Baicalein Cocrystal with a Rare Ratio of 7:3","volume":"23","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c00622","article-title":"Slow-Release Drug\u2013Drug Cocrystals of Oxaliplatin with Flavonoids: Delaying Hydrolysis and Reducing Toxicity","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.131098","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and theoretical exploration of pyrene based Schiff base molecules as corrosion inhibitor","volume":"1245","author":"Saha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.2c00060","article-title":"Strategy to Tune the Performance of Two Drug Components: Drug\u2013Drug Cocrystals of Lobaplatin with Flavonoids","volume":"22","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leng, F., and Robeyns, K. (2021). Urea as a Cocrystal Former-Study of 3 Urea Based Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050671"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7355","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.3c00773","article-title":"Optimization of Hot-Melt Extrusion Processing for the Synthesis of Ionic Cocrystals","volume":"23","author":"Ross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8044","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.4c00974","article-title":"One-Step Synthesis of a Drug\u2013Drug Cocrystal Hydrate Using Hot Melt Extrusion","volume":"24","author":"Antonijevic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120495","article-title":"Molecular engineering of cocrystallization process in holt melt extrusion based on kinetics of elementary molecular processes","volume":"601","author":"Shirazian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.105619","article-title":"Advances in solvent based cocrystallization: Bridging the gap between theory and practice","volume":"95","author":"Sarangi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawar, N., Saha, A., Nandan, N., and Parambil, J.V. (2021). Solution Cocrystallization: A Scalable Approach for Cocrystal Production. Crystals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11030303"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.26850\/1678-4618eqj.v47.1.2022.p64-75","article-title":"Screening of coformers for quercetin cocrystals through mechanochemical methods","volume":"47","author":"Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecl\u00e9tica Qu\u00edmica"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiore, C., Antoniciello, F., Roncarati, D., Scarlato, V., Grepioni, F., and Braga, D. (2024). Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Co-Crystals with Flavonoids: Solid-State Investigation for a Multitarget Strategy against Helicobacter pylori. Encapsul. Nat. Polyphenol. Compd. A Rev., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020203"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02669","article-title":"Daidzein cocrystals: An opportunity to improve its biopharmaceutical parameters","volume":"5","author":"Bhalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CE00022E","article-title":"Growth mechanism of the spherulitic propylthiouracil\u2013kaempferol cocrystal: New perspectives into surface nucleation","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10914","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA00750B","article-title":"Cocrystal of phloretin with isoniazid: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.132340","article-title":"Synthesis and structural characterization of two novel olanzapine cocrystals with decreased or enhanced dissolution rate","volume":"1255","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101874","article-title":"The isonicotinamide cocrystal promotes inhibitory effects of naringenin on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"933","article-title":"The crystal structure of 4,4\u2032-bipyridine-5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one-water(1\/2\/2), C40H32N2O12","volume":"237","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z.  Krist. New Cryst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2022.126523","article-title":"Hepatoprotective cocrystal of ethionamide: A new attempt to refurbish old drug through crystal engineering","volume":"582","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10870-020-00853-2","article-title":"A Cocrystal of Baicalein and 4,4\u2032-Bipyridine with Zipper-Type Architecture","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.4c00080","article-title":"Cocrystal of Naringenin and Norfloxacin: Crystal Transformation, Solubility, and Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135326","article-title":"How cyclodextrin encapsulation improves molecular stability of apple polyphenols phloretin, phlorizin, and ferulic acid: Atomistic insights through structural chemistry","volume":"409","author":"Aree","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29057","article-title":"A review on advancement of cocrystallization approach and a brief on screening, formulation and characterization of the same","volume":"10","author":"Sakhiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71134","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA10917A","article-title":"Preparation of pharmaceutical co-crystals through sustainable processes using supercritical carbon dioxide: A review","volume":"6","author":"Pando","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2010.01.010","article-title":"Screening for pharmaceutical cocrystals using the supercritical fluid enhanced atomization process","volume":"53","author":"Padrela","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2022.105670","article-title":"Production of quercetin-nicotinamide cocrystals by gas antisolvent (GAS) process","volume":"188","author":"Dias","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2023.104222","article-title":"Production of quercetin-proline cocrystals by means of supercritical CO2 antisolvent","volume":"34","author":"Dias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.09.014","article-title":"Pharmaceutical cocrystals, salts and polymorphs: Advanced characterization techniques","volume":"117","author":"Pindelska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wouters, J., and Qu\u00e9r\u00e9, L. (2011). Pharmaceutical Salts and Co-Crystals, The Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781849733502"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6370","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00933","article-title":"Creating Cocrystals: A Review of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Preparation Routes and Applications","volume":"18","author":"Padrela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1515\/zpch-2022-0175","article-title":"Cocrystals; basic concepts, properties and formation strategies","volume":"237","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wouters, J., and Qu\u00e9r\u00e9, L. (2011). Analytical Techniques and Strategies for Salt\/Co-crystal Characterization. Pharmaceutical Salts and Co-Crystals, The Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781849733502"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135101","article-title":"Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel palbociclib-kaempferol cocrystal with improved tabletability and synergistic antitumor activity","volume":"1281","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CE00341F","article-title":"Pharmaceutical cocrystals of naringenin with improved dissolution performance","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6837","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.9b01111","article-title":"Facile Tuning of the Photoluminescence and Dissolution Properties of Phloretin through Cocrystallization","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10592","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE01713G","article-title":"Improving solubility of fisetin by cocrystallization","volume":"16","author":"Sowa","year":"2014","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.02.004","article-title":"Luteolin cocrystals: Characterization, evaluation of solubility, oral bioavailability and theoretical calculation","volume":"50","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00696","article-title":"Novel Salt Cocrystal of Chrysin with Berberine: Preparation, Characterization, and Oral Bioavailability","volume":"18","author":"Sa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6171","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CE00794D","article-title":"A novel drug\u2013drug cocrystal of tegafur and myricetin: Optimized properties of dissolution and tabletability","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/21\/4315\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T05:24:27Z","timestamp":1762579467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/21\/4315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30214315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30214315","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]}}}