{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:15:22Z","timestamp":1776064522731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review provides a comprehensive overview of strategies to mitigate pesticide residues in food, examining both household and industrial processing techniques alongside the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Simple household methods, such as washing, peeling, and thermal processing (e.g., boiling, frying), are effective. For instance, washing with running water achieves a reduction of up to 77% in residue for some vegetables. Additionally, processes like jam-making or frying can significantly reduce specific residues. Industrially, advanced methods such as ozonated water washing, ultrasonification, and cold plasma are employed for high efficiency while preserving food quality. Critically, AI is emerging as a powerful, indirect tool through predictive modelling, AI-assisted sorting\/screening, and consumer guidance, enhancing precision agriculture and regulatory analytics. The review paper concludes that a combination of these diverse methods is essential for minimizing pesticide exposure and ensuring a safer food supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31010063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:22:27Z","timestamp":1766578947000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Strategies to Determine and Mitigate Pesticide Residues in Food"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9175-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de St\u00aa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Cruz","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vair\u00e3o, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sanches Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de St\u00aa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Al4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00712-5","article-title":"Risk of pesticide pollution at the global scale","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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