{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:50:18Z","timestamp":1760237418140,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u2116 18-38-20020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116 18-38-20020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000014","IF\/00819\/2014\/CP1223\/CT0011","UID\/FIS\/04564\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000014","IF\/00819\/2014\/CP1223\/CT0011","UID\/FIS\/04564\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"QREN-Mais Centro","award":["ICT_2009_02_012_1890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICT_2009_02_012_1890"]}]},{"name":"Russian academic excellence project \u201c5-100\u201d","award":["Sechenov University"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sechenov University"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u2116 778070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116 778070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work we demonstrate the role of grain boundaries and domain walls in the local transport properties of n- and p-doped bismuth ferrites, including the influence of these singularities on the space charge imbalance of the energy band structure. This is mainly due to the charge accumulation at domain walls, which is recognized as the main mechanism responsible for the electrical conductivity in polar thin films and single crystals, while there is an obvious gap in the understanding of the precise mechanism of conductivity in ferroelectric ceramics. The conductivity of the Bi0.95Ca0.05Fe1\u2212xTixO3\u2212\u03b4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1; \u03b4 = (0.05 \u2212 x)\/2) samples was studied using a scanning probe microscopy approach at the nanoscale level as a function of bias voltage and chemical composition. The obtained results reveal a distinct correlation between electrical properties and the type of charged defects when the anion-deficient (x = 0) compound exhibits a three order of magnitude increase in conductivity as compared with the charge-balanced (x = 0.05) and cation-deficient (x = 0.1) samples, which is well described within the band diagram representation. The data provide an approach to control the transport properties of multiferroic bismuth ferrites through aliovalent chemical substitution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10050940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T10:27:19Z","timestamp":1589452039000},"page":"940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Local Conduction Mechanisms in Ca and Ti-Doped BiFeO3 Using Scanning Probe Microscopy Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim S.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University \u201cRTU MIREA\u201d, Moscow 119454, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5867-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Khomchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maxim V.","family":"Silibin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research University of Electronic Technology \u201cMIET\u201d, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"},{"name":"Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1046-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Karpinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research University of Electronic Technology \u201cMIET\u201d, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Center \u201cNanotechnology\u201d, South Ural State University, Lenin av. 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Blawert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Stra\u00dfe 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Serdechnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Stra\u00dfe 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4634-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3502547","article-title":"Multiferroics: Past, present, and future","volume":"63","author":"Spaldin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. 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