{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:15:11Z","timestamp":1767914111810,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PTDC\/ASP-PES\/29547\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ASP-PES\/29547\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005283","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Proc. 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In the absence of well-established monitoring programs, one can only imagine the full extent of this problem and so there is an urgent need for the development of extremely sensitive, portable, and low-cost devices to perform analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used nanostructures in (bio)sensors construction attributed to their facile and well-characterized production methods, commercial availability, reduced cost, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, most importantly, their relatively good conductivity enabling appropriate electron transfer rates\u2014as well as their high surface area yielding attachment and extraordinary loading capacity for biomolecules\u2014have been relevant and desirable features, justifying the key role that they have been playing, and will continue to play, in electrochemical (bio)sensor development. The present review outlines the contribution of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, carbon nanopowder, biochar nanoparticles, and graphite oxide), used alone or combined with other (nano)materials, to the field of environmental (bio)sensing, and more specifically, to pharmaceutical pollutants analysis in waters and aquatic species. The main trends of this field of research are also addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10071268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1593429437000},"page":"1268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9829-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Torrinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1858-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago M. B. F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 1639, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 63048-080 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Francisco W.P.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Educadores, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Rua Oleg\u00e1rio Em\u00eddio de Ara\u00fajo, S\/N, Centro, 63260-000 Brejo Santo - CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana N.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GELCORR, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica e F\u00edsico-Qu\u00edmica, Centro de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Bloco 940, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Lima-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GELCORR, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica e F\u00edsico-Qu\u00edmica, Centro de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Bloco 940, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019). 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