{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:44:22Z","timestamp":1760233462899,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KN021202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KN021202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cluster of Excellence 80 \"The Future Ocean\""],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cluster of Excellence 80 \"The Future Ocean\""]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-18-CE42-0001-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE42-0001-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD scholarship PD\/BD\/116946\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship PD\/BD\/116946\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Scholarship Council","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}]},{"name":"Kiel University","award":["Master scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Master scholarship"]}]},{"name":"German Academic Exchange Service - DAAD","award":["master scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["master scholarship"]}]},{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, MNBT Department","award":["master internship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["master internship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The attachment of bacteria and other microbes to natural and artificial surfaces leads to the development of biofilms, which can further cause nosocomial infections. Thus, an important field of research is the development of new materials capable of preventing the initial adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms. In this work, novel polymer\/particle composite materials, based on a polythiourethane (PTU) matrix and either spherical (s-ZnO) or tetrapodal (t-ZnO) shaped ZnO fillers, were developed and characterized with respect to their mechanical, chemical and surface properties. To then evaluate their potential as anti-fouling surfaces, the adhesion of two different pathogenic microorganism species, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida glabrata, was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results show that the adhesion of both S. aureus and C. glabrata to PTU and PTU\/ZnO is decreased compared to a model surface polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It was furthermore found that the amount of both s-ZnO and t-ZnO filler had a direct influence on the adhesion of S. aureus, as increasing amounts of ZnO particles resulted in reduced adhesion of the cells. For both microorganisms, material composites with 5 wt.% of t-ZnO particles showed the greatest potential for anti-fouling with significantly decreased adhesion of cells. Altogether, both pathogens exhibit a reduced capacity to adhere to the newly developed nanomaterials used in this study, thus showing their potential for bio-medical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11020271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T09:49:21Z","timestamp":1611222561000},"page":"271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Development of Polythiourethane\/ZnO-Based Anti-Fouling Materials and Evaluation of the Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida glabrata Using Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Klemm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4878-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2379-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9300-5163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zibin","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Cavalheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-6174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Cacho","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7031-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Tendero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche Fermat, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7605-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gapeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Adelung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3290-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Dague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche Fermat, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0256-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micka\u00ebl","family":"Castelain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche Fermat, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8627-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Formosa-Dague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche Fermat, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.05.001","article-title":"Nosocomial Infections and Their Control Strategies","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. 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