{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:44:14Z","timestamp":1761129854508,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/CTM-ENE\/5387\/2014","PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/28745\/2017","UID\/FIS\/04650\/2020","UID\/QUI\/0686\/2020","PTDC\/FIS-MAC\/28157\/2017","SFRH\/BD\/121780\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-ENE\/5387\/2014","PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/28745\/2017","UID\/FIS\/04650\/2020","UID\/QUI\/0686\/2020","PTDC\/FIS-MAC\/28157\/2017","SFRH\/BD\/121780\/2016"]}]},{"name":"eusko jaurlaritza","award":["ELKARTEK","HAZITEK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK","HAZITEK"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-2003783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-2003783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the last few decades, the interest over chalcopyrite and related photovoltaics has been growing due the outstanding structural and electrical properties of the thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photoabsorber. More recently, thin film deposition through solution processing has gained increasing attention from the industry, due to the potential low-cost and high-throughput production. To this end, the elimination of the selenization procedure in the synthesis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles with following dispersion into ink formulations for printing\/coating deposition processes are of high relevance. However, most of the reported syntheses procedures give access to tetragonal chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles, whereas methods to obtain other structures are scarce. Herein, we report a large-scale synthesis of high-quality Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles with wurtzite hexagonal structure, with sizes of 10\u201370 nm, wide absorption in visible to near-infrared regions, and [Cu]\/[In + Ga] \u2248 0.8 and [Ga]\/[Ga + In] \u2248 0.3 metal ratios. The inclusion of the synthesized NPs into a water-based ink formulation for screen printing deposition results in thin films with homogenous thickness of \u22484.5 \u00b5m, paving the way towards environmentally friendly roll-to-roll production of photovoltaic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1619648947000},"page":"1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Large-Scale Synthesis of Semiconducting Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Nanoparticles for Screen Printing Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0633-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna F.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alec P.","family":"LaGrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Pyrlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3128-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Owens-Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4680-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luis S. A.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta M. D.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1152-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill","family":"Kovnir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senentxu","family":"Lanceros-Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV\/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7493-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury V.","family":"Kolen\u2019ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EE00826K","article-title":"Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Based Solar Cells\u2014A Review","volume":"10","author":"Ramanujam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Environ. 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