{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:56:44Z","timestamp":1775073404679,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIINN\/0001\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIINN\/0001\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/101060\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/101060\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/12046\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/12046\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008751","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1329-561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1329-561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several reports on amorphous silica nanomaterial (aSiO2 NM) toxicity have been questioning their safety. Herein, we investigated the in vivo pulmonary toxicity of four variants of aSiO2 NM: SiO2_15_Unmod, SiO2_15_Amino, SiO2_7 and SiO2_40. We focused on alterations in lung DNA and protein integrity, and gene expression following single intratracheal instillation in rats. Additionally, a short-term inhalation study (STIS) was carried out for SiO2_7, using TiO2_NM105 as a benchmark NM. In the instillation study, a significant but slight increase in oxidative DNA damage in rats exposed to the highest instilled dose (0.36 mg\/rat) of SiO2_15_Amino was observed in the recovery (R) group. Exposure to SiO2_7 or SiO2_40 markedly increased oxidative DNA lesions in rat lung cells of the exposure (E) group at every tested dose. This damage seems to be repaired, since no changes compared to controls were observed in the R groups. In STIS, a significant increase in DNA strand breaks of the lung cells exposed to 0.5 mg\/m3 of SiO2_7 or 50 mg\/m3 of TiO2_NM105 was observed in both groups. The detected gene expression changes suggest that oxidative stress and\/or inflammation pathways are likely implicated in the induction of (oxidative) DNA damage. Overall, all tested aSiO2 NM were not associated with marked in vivo toxicity following instillation or STIS. The genotoxicity findings for SiO2_7 from instillation and STIS are concordant; however, changes in STIS animals were more permanent\/difficult to revert.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11061502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genotoxicity and Gene Expression in the Rat Lung Tissue following Instillation and Inhalation of Different Variants of Amorphous Silica Nanomaterials (aSiO2 NM)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2933-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto\u2014University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto\u2014University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Dumortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Debacq-Chainiaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3251-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Hubaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9570-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Laloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Namur Nanosafety Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6273-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miruna S.","family":"Stan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8510-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Hermenean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cAurel Ardelean\u201d Institute of Life Sciences, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Gharbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cAurel Ardelean\u201d Institute of Life Sciences, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Dinischiotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bannuscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Hellack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) e.V., 47229 Duisburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Ro\u03b2lau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5288-7876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9386-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8693-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00362D","article-title":"Industrial applications of nanoparticles","volume":"44","author":"Stark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. 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