{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:52:43Z","timestamp":1773294763858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was funded by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT\/MCT) and European Funds (PRODER\/COMPETE), under the project reference UIDB\/04469\/2020 (strategic fund) granted to EBS, co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement","award":["UIDB\/04469\/2020 (strategic fund)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04469\/2020 (strategic fund)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the health benefits of the sun, overexposure to solar radiation without proper precautions can cause irreversible damage to exposed skin. In the search for balance between the risks and benefits of exposure to solar radiation in human health, a technological alternative was found, the incorporation of photoprotective products in lipid nanoparticulate systems for topical application. These nanometric systems have demonstrated several advantages when used as adjuvants in photoprotection compared to chemical and\/or physical sunscreens alone. The increase in the sun protection factor (SPF), photostability and UV action spectrum are parameters that have benefited from the application of these systems in order to increase the effectiveness and safety of photoprotective formulations containing organic and\/or inorganic sunscreens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1643144831000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Lipid Nanomaterials for Targeted Delivery of Dermocosmetic Ingredients: Advances in Photoprotection and Skin Anti-Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4800-122 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eli\u00e9zer","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsk\u00e9ho n\u00ba. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsk\u00e9ho n\u00ba. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsk\u00e9ho n\u00ba. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Viseras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja s\/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de Las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3798-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"de Melo Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de Las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6698-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlus","family":"Chorilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus of Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Ja\u00fa, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy\u0144ska 32, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja s\/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6126-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz C.","family":"Naveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja s\/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of a facial serum for fine lines, wrinkles, and photodamaged skin","volume":"4","author":"Stephens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesth. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1175","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001175","article-title":"Three-dimensional Facial Anatomy: Structure and Function as It Relates to Injectable Neuromodulators and Soft Tissue Fillers","volume":"4","author":"Beer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"8","article-title":"Injectable fillers for volume replacement in the aging face","volume":"1","author":"Greco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2011.00602.x","article-title":"In the shadow of the wrinkle: Theories","volume":"11","author":"Humbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"14","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy and Tolerability of a Peptide Serum Targeting Expression Lines","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02247.x","article-title":"Validated assessment scales for the lower face","volume":"38","author":"Narins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01573-z","article-title":"Defining skin aging and its risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-010-1096-6","article-title":"Development and evaluation of vesicular system for curcumin delivery","volume":"303","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2014.03.011","article-title":"Sunscreens: A Review of Health Benefits, Regulations, and Controversies","volume":"32","author":"Mancebo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0407-396","article-title":"The sunshine cure","volume":"13","author":"Mandavilli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.127254","article-title":"The evolution of current medical and popular attitudes toward ultraviolet light exposure: Part 1","volume":"47","author":"Albert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S","article-title":"Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D","volume":"80","author":"DeLuca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.12.017","article-title":"Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D","volume":"460","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710615105","article-title":"Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer of increased sun exposure","volume":"105","author":"Moan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3","article-title":"Evolution and function of vitamin D. Recent Results","volume":"164","author":"Holick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.234","article-title":"Health benefits of vitamin D and sunlight: A D-bate","volume":"7","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2004.00257.x","article-title":"Vitamin D and skin: New aspects for dermatology","volume":"13","author":"Lehmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2010.03.006","article-title":"Photoprotection and vitamin D status","volume":"101","author":"Springbett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07268.x","article-title":"Do we need a revised public health policy on sun exposure?","volume":"154","author":"Diffey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00595.x","article-title":"Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited","volume":"247","author":"Glerup","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4065\/81.3.353","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health","volume":"81","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo. Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29449","article-title":"Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets","volume":"116","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07261.x","article-title":"A new government policy is needed for sunlight and vitamin D","volume":"154","author":"Gillie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.129256","article-title":"Synthesis and comprehensive spectroscopic (X-ray, NMR, FTIR, UV\u2013Vis), quantum chemical and molecular docking investigation of 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate","volume":"1225","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.11.011","article-title":"Light, including ultraviolet","volume":"34","author":"Maverakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.012","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA","volume":"571","author":"Cadet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer","volume":"49","author":"Narayanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.4.308","article-title":"Repair of UV Light-Induced DNA Damage and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma","volume":"95","author":"Wei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-010-0119-y","article-title":"How Sunlight Causes Melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Garibyan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2004.04.005","article-title":"Nitric oxide function in the skin","volume":"10","author":"Ormerod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.07.019","article-title":"Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis","volume":"571","author":"Afaq","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06368.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet B irradiation of human skin induces an angiogenic switch that is mediated by upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and by down-regulation of thrombospondin-1","volume":"152","author":"Yano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.01.004","article-title":"Microarray analysis of UVB-regulated genes in keratinocytes: Downregulation of angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1","volume":"34","author":"Howell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-010-0335-8","article-title":"Preliminary assessment of the risks associated with solar ultraviolet-A exposure","volume":"50","author":"Petkov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90184-1","article-title":"Cumulative effects from repeated exposures to suberythemal doses of UVB and UVA in human skin","volume":"32","author":"Lavker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08108.x","article-title":"Photoageing: Mechanism, prevention and therapy","volume":"157","author":"Yaar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1247","article-title":"UV-induced reactive oxygen species in photocarcinogenesis and photoaging","volume":"378","author":"Wlaschek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15345","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.22.15345","article-title":"Singlet oxygen mediates the UVA-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion","volume":"274","author":"Berneburg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000060660","article-title":"UVA and singlet oxygen as inducers of cutaneous signaling events","volume":"29","author":"Klotz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.05.010","article-title":"Photoaging: Mechanisms and repair","volume":"55","author":"Rabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2098","article-title":"Skin ageing and its treatment","volume":"211","author":"Baumann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03928.x","article-title":"An action spectrum for ultraviolet induced elastosis in hairless mice: Quantification of elastosis by image analysis","volume":"53","author":"Kligman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"71","article-title":"Relevance of in vitro melanocytic cell studies to the understanding of melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Linge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Surv."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22502.x","article-title":"Induction of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion in vivo in normal human skin","volume":"122","author":"Berneburg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souto, E.B., de Souza, A.L.R., dos Santos, F.K., Sanchez-Lopez, E., Cano, A., Zieli\u0144ska, A., Staszewski, R., Karczewski, J., Gremi\u00e3o, M.P.D., and Chorilli, M. (2021). Lipid Nanocarriers for Hyperproliferative Skin Diseases. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225619"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.010","article-title":"The challenge resulting from positive and negative effects of sunlight: How much solar UV exposure is appropriate to balance between risks of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer?","volume":"92","author":"Reichrath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Progr. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn170","article-title":"Solar ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer","volume":"59","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"WHO (2021, December 08). Health Consequences of Excessive Solar UV Radiation, in: World Health Organization, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/25-07-2006-health-consequences-of-excessive-solar-uv-radiation."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.12.007","article-title":"Natural agents: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection","volume":"508","author":"Afaq","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"170","article-title":"Skin cancer in skin of color","volume":"21","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"121","article-title":"Determina\u00e7\u00e3o do fator de prote\u00e7\u00e3o solar por espectrofotometria","volume":"61","author":"Mansur","year":"1986","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422007000100027","article-title":"Protetores Solares","volume":"30","author":"Flor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7062.942","article-title":"Sunscreens, suntans, and skin cancer\u2014People do not apply enough sunscreen for protection","volume":"313","author":"Diffey","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04016.x","article-title":"Quantity of sunscreen used by European students","volume":"144","author":"Autier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Colombini, N.E.P. (2002). Cirurgia da Face, Interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o Funcional e Est\u00e9tica, Revinter."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souto, E.B., Fernandes, A.R., Martins-Gomes, C., Coutinho, T.E., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Souto, S.B., Silva, A.M., and Santini, A. (2020). Nanomaterials for Skin Delivery of Cosmeceuticals and Pharmaceuticals. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10051594"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571272","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/571272","article-title":"Lipid nanocapsule-based gels for enhancement of transdermal delivery of ketorolac tromethamine","volume":"2011","author":"Varshosaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.11.051","article-title":"Chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers for topical delivery of tretinoin","volume":"93","author":"Ridolfi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000324053","article-title":"Drug release and skin penetration from solid lipid nanoparticles and a base cream: A systematic approach from a comparison of three glucocorticoids","volume":"24","author":"Schlupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.05.012","article-title":"In vitro penetration properties of solid lipid nanoparticles in intact and barrier-impaired skin","volume":"79","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.025","article-title":"Penetration enhancers","volume":"56","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00433.x","article-title":"Cosmetic features and applications of lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC)","volume":"30","author":"Souto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(95)00078-T","article-title":"Evaluation of biomechanical properties of human skin","volume":"13","author":"Edwards","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(03)00040-7","article-title":"The influence of solid lipid nanoparticles on skin hydration and viscoelasticity\u2014In vivo study","volume":"56","author":"Wissing","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"313","article-title":"Investigations on the occlusive properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)","volume":"52","author":"Wissing","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00684-1","article-title":"Cosmetic applications for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)","volume":"264","author":"Wissing","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2020.1727883","article-title":"SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery","volume":"17","author":"Souto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(81)90006-1","article-title":"Lipid composition and metabolism in normal and diseased epidermis","volume":"13","author":"Yardley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2007.06.005","article-title":"Visualisation of liposomes prepared from skin and stratum corneum lipids by transmission electron microscopy","volume":"38","author":"Hatziantonious","year":"2007","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470303.x","article-title":"Efficacy of stratum corneum lipid supplementation on human skin","volume":"47","author":"Coderch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contact. Dermat."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2011.580762","article-title":"Elastic liposomes containing benzophenone-3 for sun protection factor enhancement","volume":"17","author":"Severino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2012.01086.x","article-title":"Efficacy of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Dispersion of Liposome with Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Kinetin","volume":"88","author":"Gaspar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"505","article-title":"Rheological and in vitro release behaviour of clotrimazole-containing aqueous SLN dispersions and commercial creams","volume":"62","author":"Souto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2008.05.002","article-title":"Liposomes and skin: From drug delivery to model membranes","volume":"34","author":"Barry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00439-1","article-title":"Study on glycolic acid delivery by liposomes and microspheres","volume":"196","author":"Perugini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"385","article-title":"Evaluation of liposomal and conventional formulations of octyl methoxycinnamate on human percutaneous absorption using the stripping method","volume":"59","author":"Golmohammadzadeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2011.00586.x","article-title":"Topical vesicular formulations of Curcuma longa extract on recuperating the ultraviolet radiation-damaged skin","volume":"10","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.590791","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in wrinkle reduction of photodamaged skin","volume":"22","author":"Piccioni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00595.x","article-title":"A new potent natural antioxidant mixture provides global protection against oxidative skin cell damage","volume":"33","author":"Jorge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2011.629742","article-title":"Preparation of coenzyme Q10 liposomes using supercritical anti-solvent technique","volume":"29","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.05.006","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of liposomal coenzyme Q10 for in vivo topical application","volume":"395","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-001-0272-0","article-title":"Liposome-encapsulated ursolic acid increases ceramides and collagen in human skin cells","volume":"293","author":"Both","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"233","article-title":"Vitamin A palmitate photostability and stability over time","volume":"55","author":"Carlotti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.03.068","article-title":"Penetration enhancer containing vesicles as carriers for dermal delivery of tretinoin","volume":"412","author":"Manconi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.05.009","article-title":"Curcumin: The story so far","volume":"41","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450802409438","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of curcumin gel for topical application","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2478\/v10019-011-0037-0","article-title":"Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; is it safe?","volume":"45","author":"Skocaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2147\/NSA.S19419","article-title":"Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens: Focus on their safety and effectiveness","volume":"4","author":"Smijs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.03.029","article-title":"Polymorphism, crystallinity and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of stearic acid and stearic acid-capric\/caprylic triglyceride matrices for production of stable nanoparticles","volume":"86","author":"Severino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2012.04.017","article-title":"Optimizing SLN and NLC by 22 full factorial design: Effect of Homogenization Technique","volume":"32","author":"Severino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/026520499288690","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNTM\/LipopearlsTM)\u2014A pharmaceutical and cosmetic carrier for the application of vitamin E in dermal products","volume":"16","author":"Dingler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2494.2001.00087.x","article-title":"A novel sunscreen system based on tocopherol acetate incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)","volume":"23","author":"Wissing","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmetic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00220-X","article-title":"The influence of the crystallinity of lipid nanoparticles on their occlusive properties","volume":"242","author":"Wissing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.02.005","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of n-dodecyl-ferulate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)","volume":"295","author":"Souto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1080\/02652040500162378","article-title":"A novel approach based on lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for topical delivery of alpha-lipoic acid","volume":"22","author":"Souto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00118-7","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations","volume":"54","author":"Radtke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, R.H., Wissing, S., and M\u00e4der, K. (2021, October 08). Sunscreens Containing UV Radiation Reflecting or Absorbing Agents, Protecting against Harmful UV Radiation and Reinforcing the Natural Skin Barrier. Available online: https:\/\/patentscope2.wipo.int\/search\/en\/detail.jsf?docId=WO2001003652."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"783","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)\u2014A novel carrier for UV blockers","volume":"56","author":"Wissing","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00219-3","article-title":"The development of an improved carrier system for sunscreen formulations based on crystalline lipid nanoparticles","volume":"242","author":"Wissing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2005.05.003","article-title":"A new healthy sunscreen system for human: Solid lipid nanoparticles as carrier for 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoylchitin and the improvement by adding Vitamin E","volume":"36","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenolmethoxyphenyltriazine (BEMT) Loaded Solid Lipid Nano-particles (SLN)","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2006.00320.x","article-title":"Sunblocking efficiency of various TiO2-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle formulations","volume":"28","author":"Cengiz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00598.x","article-title":"Formulation of sunscreens with enhancement sun protection factor response based on solid lipid nanoparticles","volume":"33","author":"Nesseem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmetic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.11.002","article-title":"Novel nanoparticulate carrier system based on carnauba wax and decyl oleate for the dispersion of inorganic sunscreens in aqueous media","volume":"60","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.05.037","article-title":"Sun protection enhancement of titanium dioxide crystals by the use of carnauba wax nanoparticles: The synergistic interaction between organic and inorganic sunscreens at nanoscale","volume":"322","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2006.07.013","article-title":"In vitro erythemal UV-A protection factors of inorganic sunscreens distributed in aqueous media using carnauba wax\u2013decyl oleate nanoparticles","volume":"65","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2007.00410.x","article-title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers as novel carrier for sunscreen formulations","volume":"29","author":"Xia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00626.x","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of carnauba wax anostructured lipid carriers containing benzophenone-3","volume":"33","author":"Lacerda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.05.010","article-title":"Skin photoprotection improvement: Synergistic interaction between lipid nanoparticles and organic UV filters","volume":"414","author":"Keck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02492.x","article-title":"Sunscreens in human plasma and urine after repeated whole-body topical application","volume":"22","author":"Janjua","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05777.x","article-title":"Photocontact dermatitis from UV filters","volume":"38","author":"Ricci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06004.x","article-title":"Adverse cutaneous reactions to cosmetic allergens","volume":"40","author":"Goossens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3109\/02652040903067844","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles bearing oxybenzone: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation","volume":"27","author":"Gulbake","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(89)90361-X","article-title":"Determination of in vitro drug release from hydrocortisone creams","volume":"53","author":"Shah","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600760608","article-title":"In vivo percutaneous penetration of some organic compounds related to anatomic site in humans: Predictive assessment by the stripping method","volume":"76","author":"Rougier","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2020.021","article-title":"Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Groundbreaking Approach for Transdermal Drug Delivery","volume":"10","author":"Chauhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.08.012","article-title":"The role of vehicle-nanoparticle interactions in topical drug delivery","volume":"400","author":"Moddaresi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/02652040701817762","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization and in vitro release studies of ascorbyl palmitate-loaded semi-solid nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC gels)","volume":"25","author":"Teeranachaideekul","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2011.3135","article-title":"Nanostructured Polymer and Lipid Carriers for Sunscreen. Biological Effects and Skin Permeation","volume":"11","author":"Marcato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"202","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles: A possible vehicle for zinc oxide and octocrylene","volume":"67","author":"Berkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.05.076","article-title":"Differential scanning calorimetry studies on sunscreen loaded solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by the phase inversion temperature method","volume":"415","author":"Montenegro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-6-73","article-title":"The encapsulation effect of UV molecular absorbers into biocompatible lipid nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Lacatusu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1130-3","article-title":"Comedolytic effect and reduced skin irritation of a new formulation of all-trans retinoic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical treatment of acne","volume":"303","author":"Castro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.06.028","article-title":"Development of SLNs from natural lipids: Application to topical delivery of tretinoin","volume":"363","author":"Mandawgade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22741","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles as carrier for octyl-methoxycinnamate: In vitro percutaneous absorption and photostability studies","volume":"101","author":"Puglia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S16815","article-title":"Novel formulation and evaluation of a Q10-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle cream: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"6","author":"Farboud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.05.008","article-title":"Lipid nanocarriers for dermal delivery of lutein: Preparation, characterization, stability and performance","volume":"414","author":"Mitri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.03.032","article-title":"Stearyl ferulate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for the encapsulation and stabilization of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol","volume":"72","author":"Trombino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"751","article-title":"Skin moisturizing effect and skin penetration of ascorbyl palmitate entrapped in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) incorporated into hydrogel","volume":"60","author":"Uner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"276","article-title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers improve skin permeation and chemical stability of idebenone","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S29710","article-title":"Resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles versus nanostructured lipid carriers: Evaluation of antioxidant potential for dermal applications","volume":"7","author":"Gokce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"73","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of curcuminoids loaded solid lipid nanoparticle facial cream as an anti-aging agent","volume":"15","author":"Plianbangchang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Naresuan Univ. J."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.08.001","article-title":"Preclinical safety of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Current evidence from in vitro and in vivo evaluation","volume":"108","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/12\/3\/377\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:06:45Z","timestamp":1760134005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/12\/3\/377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nano12030377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12030377","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]}}}