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However, some of the more promising dopants (zirconium, hafnium, and tantalum) for this oxide have not received much attention, as studies have mainly focused on tin and zinc, and even fewer have been explored by solution processes. This work focuses on developing solution-combustion-processed hafnium (Hf)-doped In2O3 thin films and evaluating different annealing parameters on TCO\u2019s properties using a low environmental impact solvent. Optimized TCOs were achieved for 0.5 M% Hf-doped In2O3 when produced at 400 \u00b0C, showing high transparency in the visible range of the spectrum, a bulk resistivity of 5.73 \u00d7 10\u22122 \u03a9.cm, a mobility of 6.65 cm2\/V.s, and a carrier concentration of 1.72 \u00d7 1019 cm\u22123. Then, these results were improved by using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for 10 min at 600 \u00b0C, reaching a bulk resistivity of 3.95 \u00d7 10 \u22123 \u03a9.cm, a mobility of 21 cm2\/V.s, and a carrier concentration of 7.98 \u00d7 1019 cm\u22123, in air. The present work brings solution-based TCOs a step closer to low-cost optoelectronic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12132167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T22:43:00Z","timestamp":1656024180000},"page":"2167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Solution Combustion Synthesis of Hafnium-Doped Indium Oxide Thin Films for Transparent Conductors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Firmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5956-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana Vaz","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Deuermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1997-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Barquinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9771-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000464","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202000464","article-title":"Trends in Low-Temperature Combustion Derived Thin Films for Solution-Processed Electronics","volume":"6","author":"Pujar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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