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Recognition of yeast cells by immune cell surface receptors can trigger phagocytosis of fungal pathogens and a pro-inflammatory response that may contribute to fungal elimination. Nevertheless, the elicited inflammatory response may be deleterious to the host by causing excessive tissue damage. We developed a nanoparticle-based approach to modulate the host deleterious inflammatory consequences of fungal infection by using \u03b21,3-glucan-functionalized polystyrene (\u03b2-Glc-PS) nanoparticles. \u03b2-Glc-PS nanoparticles decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-12p40 detected in in vitro culture supernatants of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophage challenged with C. albicans cells. Moreover, \u03b2-Glc-PS nanoparticles impaired the production of reactive oxygen species by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells incubated with C. albicans. This immunomodulatory effect was dependent on the nanoparticle size. Overall, \u03b2-Glc-PS nanoparticles reduced the proinflammatory response elicited by fungal cells in mononuclear phagocytes, setting the basis for a targeted therapy aimed at protecting the host by lowering the inflammatory cost of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12142475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T23:10:22Z","timestamp":1658272222000},"page":"2475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u03b2-Glucan-Functionalized Nanoparticles Down-Modulate the Proinflammatory Response of Mononuclear Phagocytes Challenged with Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3551-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS-Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stef\u00e1n B.","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Evtuguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS-Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8898-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2255-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Cedervall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS-Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1039\/C2IB00089J","article-title":"Use of fungal derived polysaccharide-conjugated particles to probe Dectin-1 responses in innate immunity","volume":"4","author":"Tam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr. 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