{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:12:52Z","timestamp":1776748372397,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemical Centre","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemical Centre","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemical Centre","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemical Centre","award":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemical Centre","award":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"CIEPQPF-Strategic Research Centre Project","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"]}]},{"name":"CIEPQPF-Strategic Research Centre Project","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIEPQPF-Strategic Research Centre Project","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIEPQPF-Strategic Research Centre Project","award":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"CIEPQPF-Strategic Research Centre Project","award":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"PhD grant BDE","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"]}]},{"name":"PhD grant BDE","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD grant BDE","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD grant BDE","award":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"PhD grant BDE","award":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"post-doc grant BPD","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017"]}]},{"name":"post-doc grant BPD","award":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}]},{"name":"post-doc grant BPD","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"post-doc grant BPD","award":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]},{"name":"post-doc grant BPD","award":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-021874"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of micro-\/nanofibrillated celluloses (M\/NFCs) is often considered for the enhancement of paper properties, while it is still challenging to use them in lower weight gain coatings. This work explores how they might be used on the paper surface to improve the printing quality. In this regard, M\/NFCs were produced using different pre-treatment methods, including mechanical (m-MFC), enzymatic (e-MFC), TEMPO-mediated oxidation (t-NFC) and cationization (c-NFC), and uniform coating formulations were developed through the cooking of starch and M\/NFCs simultaneously. The formulations, at 6\u20138% of total solid concentration, were applied to the paper surface by roll coating, resulting in a dry coating weight of 1.5 to 3 g\/m2. Besides M\/NFCs, other components such as starch betainate (a cationic starch ester; SB), Pluronics\u00ae (a triblock co-polymer), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and betaine hydrochloride (BetHCl) were also used in the M\/NFC-based coating formulations to observe their combined influence on the printing quality. The presence of M\/NFCs improved the paper printing quality, which was further enhanced by the increase in cationic charge density due to the presence of BetHCl\/SB, and also by Pluronics\u00ae. The cationic charge of c-NFC was also found to be effective for improving the gamut area and optical density of coated papers, whereas whiteness was often reduced due to the quenching of the brightening agent. BetHCl, on the other hand, improved the printing quality of the coated papers, even though it was more effective when combined with M\/NFCs, PCC and Pluronics\u00ae, and also helped to retain paper whiteness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12162853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"2853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Micro-\/Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Coating Formulations: A Solution for Improving Paper Printing Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7435-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II\u2013Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9864-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, M Aur\u00e8lia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Murtinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur J. M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4503-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J. T.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II\u2013Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3183\/npprj-2014-29-01-p119-128","article-title":"Flocculation and retention of fillers with nanocelluloses","volume":"29","author":"Korhonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. 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