{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:33:19Z","timestamp":1777055599014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER, European Funds, through the COMPETE 2020 POCI and PORL, National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and POR Lisboa2020","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007688"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, European Funds, through the COMPETE 2020 POCI and PORL, National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and POR Lisboa2020","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, European Funds, through the COMPETE 2020 POCI and PORL, National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and POR Lisboa2020","award":["PTDC\/CTMCTM\/30623\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTMCTM\/30623\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, European Funds, through the COMPETE 2020 POCI and PORL, National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and POR Lisboa2020","award":["CEECIND.03189.2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND.03189.2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, European Funds, through the COMPETE 2020 POCI and PORL, National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and POR Lisboa2020","award":["UI\/BD\/151541\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/151541\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent decades, new and improved materials have been developed with a significant interest in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that can cope with the diverse needs of the expanding biomedical field and promote the required biological response in multiple applications. Due to their biocompatibility, ability to encapsulate and deliver drugs, and capacity to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), typical hydrogels have been extensively investigated in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. The major limitations of hydrogels include poor mechanical integrity and limited cell interaction, restricting their broad applicability. To overcome these limitations, an emerging approach, aimed at the generation of hybrid materials with synergistic effects, is focused on incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) within polymeric gels to achieve nanocomposites with tailored functionality and improved properties. This review focuses on the unique contributions of clay nanoparticles, regarding the recent developments of clay-based nanocomposite hydrogels, with an emphasis on biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12193308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T01:41:58Z","timestamp":1664156518000},"page":"3308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Clay-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cezar","family":"Tipa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria T.","family":"Cidade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7666-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis C.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula I. 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