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Compound-loaded DOPG liposomes have sizes of 274 \u00b1 12 nm, while Egg-PC:Ch liposomes exhibit smaller hydrodynamic diameters (69.5 \u00b1 7 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (88.8 \u00b1 2.7%), higher stability, and a more efficient compound release, thus, they were chosen for assays in Sf9 insect cells. The compound elicited a loss of cell viability up to 80% after 72 h of incubation. Relevantly, nanoencapsulation maintained the toxicity of the compound toward insect cells while lowering the toxicity toward human cells, thus showing the selectivity of the system. Structure-based inverted virtual screening was used to predict the most likely targets and molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were used to demonstrate that this molecule can form a stable complex with insect odorant binding proteins and\/or acetylcholinesterase. The results are promising for the future application of compound-loaded nanoliposome formulations as crop insecticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12203583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T22:21:11Z","timestamp":1665699671000},"page":"3583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Liposomal Formulations Loaded with a Eugenol Derivative for Application as Insecticides: Encapsulation Studies and In Silico Identification of Protein Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9 G.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato B.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita O.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory LaPMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, BioSIM\u2014Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. Gil","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0384-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio F.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, BioSIM\u2014Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2048-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Sameiro T.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5829-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete M. 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