{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:40:29Z","timestamp":1768736429719,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["861138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861138"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomimetic apatites exhibit a high reactivity allowing ion substitutions to modulate their in vivo response. We developed a novel approach combining several bioactive ions in a spatially controlled way in view of subsequent releases to address the sequence of events occurring after implantation, including potential microorganisms\u2019 colonization. Innovative micron-sized core-shell particles were designed with an external shell enriched with an antibacterial ion and an internal core substituted with a pro-angiogenic or osteogenic ion. After developing the proof of concept, two ions were particularly considered, Ag+ in the outer shell and Cu2+ in the inner core. In vitro evaluations confirmed the cytocompatibility through Ag-\/Cu-substituting and the antibacterial properties provided by Ag+. Then, these multifunctional \u201csmart\u201d particles were embedded in a polymeric matrix by freeze-casting to prepare 3D porous scaffolds for bone engineering. This approach envisions the development of a new generation of scaffolds with tailored sequential properties for optimal bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13030519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T08:28:23Z","timestamp":1675067303000},"page":"519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Toward Smart Biomimetic Apatite-Based Bone Scaffolds with Spatially Controlled Ion Substitutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Cianflone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8860-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Brouillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Grossin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Souli\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Claudie","family":"Josse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Microcaract\u00e9risation Raimond Castaing, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, INP, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7939-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjana","family":"Vig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Tenailleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Duployer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Thouron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-8719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Drouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRIMAT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.105","article-title":"Biominerals- Hierarchical Nanocomposites: The Example of Bone","volume":"3","author":"Beniash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. 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