{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:57:28Z","timestamp":1760147848703,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Jordanian University in Jordan","award":["SBSH 02\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBSH 02\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface atomic arrangement and physical properties of aluminum ultrathin layers on c-Si(111)-7 \u00d7 7 and hydrogen-terminated c-Si(111)-1 \u00d7 1 surfaces deposited using molecular beam epitaxy were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra were collected in two configurations (take-off angle of 0\u00b0 and 45\u00b0) to precisely determine the surface species. Moreover, 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the air-exposed samples were acquired to investigate the clustering formations in film structure. The deposition of the Al layers was monitored in situ using a reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) experiments to confirm the surface crystalline structure of the c-Si(111). The analysis of the RHEED patterns during the growth process suggests the settlement of aluminum atoms in Al(111)-1 \u00d7 1 clustered formations on both types of surfaces. The surface electrical conductivity in both configurations was tested against atmospheric oxidation. The results indicate differences in conductivity based on the formation of various alloys on the surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13060970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T03:29:05Z","timestamp":1678246145000},"page":"970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surface Atomic Arrangement of Aluminum Ultra-Thin Layers Grown on Si(111)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Inshad","family":"Jum\u2019h","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Sciences and Humanities, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Husam H.","family":"Abu-Safe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Sciences and Humanities, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9998-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}]},{"given":"I. A.","family":"Qattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Telfah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany"},{"name":"Nanotechnology Center (NTC), The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-PT), University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8838","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03462","article-title":"Epitaxial Aluminum Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Large-Scale 2D Material Characterization","volume":"14","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b00085","article-title":"Continuous Germanene Layer on Al (111)","volume":"15","author":"Derivaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.5b02413","article-title":"Multiple Dirac Points and Hydrogenation-Induced Magnetism of Germanene Layer on Al (111) Surface","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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