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In this study, different types of celluloses were combined with nanosized carbon fillers to investigate their effect on the enhancement of the electrical properties in the final nanogenerator devices. Cellulose pulp (CP), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were blended with carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The microstructure of the nanocomposite films was characterized by scanning electron and probe microscopies, and the electrical properties were measured macroscopically and at the local scale by piezoresponse force microscopy. The highest generated output voltage in triboelectric mode was obtained from MCC films with CNTs and CB, while the highest piezoelectric voltage was produced in CNF-CNT films. The obtained electrical responses were discussed in relation to the material properties. Analysis of the microscopic response shows that pulp has a higher local piezoelectric d33 coefficient (145 pC\/N) than CNF (14 pC\/N), while the macroscopic response is greatly influenced by the excitation mode and the effective orientation of the crystals relative to the mechanical stress. The increased electricity produced from cellulose nanocomposites may lead to more efficient and biodegradable nanogenerators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13071206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T01:33:00Z","timestamp":1680053580000},"page":"1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Advanced Cellulose\u2013Nanocarbon Composite Films for High-Performance Triboelectric and Piezoelectric Nanogenerators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1982-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7715-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ghaffarinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Lab, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC-US), 41092 Seville, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Vilarinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Borr\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Lab, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC-US), 41092 Seville, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harvey","family":"Amor\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Wicklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04138-2","article-title":"Towards Enduring Autonomous Robots via Embodied Energy","volume":"602","author":"Aubin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802906","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201802906","article-title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Foundation of the Energy for the New Era","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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