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(OE)","award":["CEECIND\/01190\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01190\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing use of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles (NPs) raises concerns regarding their accumulation in soil ecosystems, with limited studies on their impact on soil organisms. Study aim: To unravel the effects of MoS2 nanosheets (two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 NPs) and bulk MoS2 (156, 313, 625, 1250, 2500 mg\/kg) on Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida. The organisms\u2019 survival and avoidance behavior remained unaffected by both forms, while reproduction and DNA integrity were impacted. For E. crypticus, the individual endpoint reproduction was more sensitive, increasing at lower concentrations of bulk MoS2 and decreasing at higher ones and at 625 mg\/kg of 2D MoS2 NPs. For F. candida, the molecular endpoint DNA integrity was more impacted: 2500 mg\/kg of bulk MoS2 induced DNA damage after 2 days, with all concentrations inducing damage by day 7. 2D MoS2 NPs induced DNA damage at 156 and 2500 mg\/kg after 2 days, and at 1250 and 2500 mg\/kg after 7 days. Despite affecting the same endpoints, bulk MoS2 induced more effects than 2D MoS2 NPs. Indeed, 2D MoS2 NPs only inhibited E. crypticus reproduction at 625 mg\/kg and induced fewer (F. candida) or no effects (E. crypticus) on DNA integrity. This study highlights the different responses of terrestrial organisms to 2D MoS2 NPs versus bulk MoS2, reinforcing the importance of risk assessment when considering both forms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13243163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T05:41:35Z","timestamp":1702878095000},"page":"3163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Comprehensive Ecotoxicity Study of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets versus Bulk form in Soil Organisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1685-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1697-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8499-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo N.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Daniel-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry & Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-3489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera L.","family":"Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Xiong, G., and Liu, Z. 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