{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:20:10Z","timestamp":1773991210573,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The morphology of metal oxide nanostructures influences the response of the materials in a given application. In addition to changing the composition, doping can also modify the morphology of a host nanomaterial. Herein, we determine the effect of dopant concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the morphology and assembly of CoxZn1\u2212xO nanoparticles synthesized through non-aqueous sol-gel in benzyl alcohol. With the increase of the atom % of cobalt incorporated from 0 to 15, the shape of the nanoparticles changes from near spherical, to irregular, and finally to triangular. The tendency of the particles to assemble increases in the same direction, with Co0.05Zn0.95O consisting of non-assembled particles, whereas Co0.15Zn0.85O consists of triangular nanoparticles forming spherical structures. The morphology and assembly process are also sensitive to the reaction temperature. The assembly process is found to occur during the nucleation or the early stages of particle growth. The cobalt ions promote the change in the shape during the growth stage of the nanoparticles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8040249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T03:51:13Z","timestamp":1524023473000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cobalt-Assisted Morphology and Assembly Control of Co-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xianying","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Chemie and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Chemie and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia A.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Chemie and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1273-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Chemie and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra22874b","article-title":"Microwave-assisted coating of carbon nanostructures with titanium dioxide for the catalytic dehydration of D-xylose into furfural","volume":"3","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/35035045","article-title":"Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"407","author":"Poizot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200702505","article-title":"Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries","volume":"47","author":"Bruce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew. 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