{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:24:02Z","timestamp":1774592642941,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,6]],"date-time":"2018-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-mediated hyperthermia (MH) coupled with radiation therapy (RT) is a novel approach that has the potential to overcome various practical difficulties encountered in cancer treatment. In this work, we present recommendations for the in vitro and in vivo testing and application of the two treatment techniques. These recommendations were developed by the members of Working Group 3 of COST Action TD 1402: Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Indirect Radiation Therapy (\u201cRadiomag\u201d). The purpose of the recommendations is not to provide definitive answers and directions but, rather, to outline those tests and considerations that a researcher must address in order to perform in vitro and in vivo studies. The recommendations are divided into 5 parts: (a) in vitro evaluation of MNPs; (b) in vitro evaluation of MNP-cell interactions; (c) in vivo evaluation of the MNPs; (d) MH combined with RT; and (e) pharmacokinetic studies of MNPs. Synthesis and characterization of the MNPs, as well as RT protocols, are beyond the scope of this work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8050306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T03:12:21Z","timestamp":1525662741000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Recommendations for In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Combined with Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3487-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spiridon","family":"Spirou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Marousi, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Costa Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Bouziotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6340-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Vranje\u0161-Djuri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cVin\u02c7ca\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Efthimiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Zografou, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Laurenzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science \u201cMario Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3701-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garcia-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radiology &amp; Ph.M. University of the Basque Country, Bilbao E48940, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlton","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoTherics Ltd., Studio 3, Unit 3, Silverdale Enterprise Centre Kents Lane, Newcastle under Lyme ST5 6SR, UK"}]},{"given":"Drina","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cVin\u02c7ca\u201d Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Oliviero","family":"Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21324","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment","volume":"104","author":"Delaney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.120","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges of radiotherapy for treating cancer","volume":"12","author":"Schaue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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