{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T04:40:59Z","timestamp":1773895259913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using an eco-friendly approach in a single step by reduction of HAuCl4 with polyphenols from tea extracts, which act as both reducing and capping agents. The obtained AuNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy (UV\u2013vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). They act as highly efficient catalysts in the reduction of various aromatic nitro compounds in aqueous solution. The effects of a variety of factors (e.g., reaction time, type and amount of reducing agent, shape, size, or amount of AuNPs) were studied towards the optimization of the processes. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined before and after the catalytic reaction and the results are discussed in terms of the tea extract percentage, the size of the AuNPs, and their catalytic activity. The reusability of the AuNP catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol was also tested. The reactions follow pseudo first-order kinetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8050320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T03:42:48Z","timestamp":1526010168000},"page":"320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Effect of Phenolic Compounds on the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and its Catalytic Activity in the Reduction of Nitro Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4060-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Alegria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Engineering Departament, ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4323-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Engineering Departament, ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ferraria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQFM-Centro de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Do Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQFM-Centro de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Pombeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Chemical, physical and biological methods","volume":"9","author":"Iravani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15386b","article-title":"Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants","volume":"13","author":"Iravani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2007.01.018","article-title":"Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using the bacteria Rhodopseudomonas capsulate","volume":"61","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mater. 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