{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:10:13Z","timestamp":1770138613353,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, India, FCT\/MEC, Portugal","award":["SAICTPAC\/0032\/2015, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTPAC\/0032\/2015, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016422"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A membrane electrolyte that restricts the methanol cross-over while retaining proton conductivity is essential for better electrochemical selectivity in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Extensive research carried out to explore numerous blends and composites for application as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) revealed promising electrochemical selectivity in DMFCs of carbon nanomaterial-based polymer composites. The present review covers important literature on different carbon nanomaterial-based PEMs reported during the last decade. The review emphasises the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of nanocomposite membranes with carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and fullerene as additives, assessing critically the impact of each type of filler on those properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9091292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T10:52:26Z","timestamp":1568112746000},"page":"1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Carbon Nanocomposite Membrane Electrolytes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells\u2014A Concise Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gutru","family":"Rambabu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Santoshkumar","family":"D. Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR\u2014Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai 600 113, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe M. L.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/1615-6854(200107)1:2<133::AID-FUCE133>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"DMFCs: From Fundamental Aspects to Technology Development","volume":"1","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fuel Cells"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(99)00244-X","article-title":"Direct methanol-air fuel cells for road transportation","volume":"83","author":"McNicol","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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