{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:58:11Z","timestamp":1775033891878,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ-2017-89443-C3-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ-2017-89443-C3-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ-2017-89443-C3-3-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ-2017-89443-C3-3-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU15\/01838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU15\/01838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEEI","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016422"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>N-doped (NrGO) and non-doped (rGO) graphenic materials are prepared by oxidation and further thermal treatment under ammonia and inert atmospheres, respectively, of natural graphites of different particle sizes. An extensive characterization of graphene materials points out that the physical properties of synthesized materials, as well as the nitrogen species introduced, depend on the particle size of the starting graphite, the reduction atmospheres, and the temperature conditions used during the exfoliation treatment. These findings indicate that it is possible to tailor properties of non-doped and N-doped reduced graphene oxide, such as the number of layers, surface area, and nitrogen content, by using a simple strategy based on selecting adequate graphite sizes and convenient experimental conditions during thermal exfoliation. Additionally, the graphenic materials are successfully applied as electrocatalysts for the demanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nitrogen doping together with the starting graphite of smaller particle size (NrGO325-4) resulted in a more efficient ORR electrocatalyst with more positive onset potentials (Eonset = 0.82 V versus RHE), superior diffusion-limiting current density (jL, 0.26V, 1600rpm = \u22124.05 mA cm\u22122), and selectivity to the direct four-electron pathway. Moreover, all NrGOm-4 show high tolerance to methanol poisoning in comparison with the state-of-the-art ORR electrocatalyst Pt\/C and good stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9121761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1576120816000},"page":"1761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Upgrading the Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Produced by Thermal Reduction toward Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carolina S.","family":"Ramirez-Barria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cat\u00e1lisis y Petroleoqu\u00edmica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Dpto. Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica y T\u00e9cnica, Facultad de Ciencias UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Diana M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Villaro-Abalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interquimica, Antonio de Nebrija 8, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1848-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Guerrero-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica y T\u00e9cnica, Facultad de Ciencias UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cat\u00e1lisis y Petroleoqu\u00edmica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1849","article-title":"The Rise of Graphene","volume":"6","author":"Geim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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