{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T17:48:46Z","timestamp":1768672126069,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04968\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04968\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["101115525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101115525"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UIDB\/04968\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04968\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["101115525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101115525"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04968\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04968\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["101115525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101115525"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanoenergy Advances"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are an attractive energy harvesting technology due to their high efficiency and vast applications in self-powered sensors. In this work, dielectric\u2013dielectric contact-separation TENGs were modeled with time-dependent finite element simulations with the objective of improving TENG\u2019s performance by enhancing the relative permittivity (\u03b5r).To achieve this, the chosen material (PDMS, \u03b5r=2.75) was doped with SrTiO3 (\u03b5r = 300) particles. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (ISC) remained constant as \u03f5r increased, as predicted by existent models, but in contradiction with available experimental data. Thus, we introduced a charge correction model relating \u03f5r and surface charge density, allowing us to observe an increase in TENG performance output (VOC and ISC). This work shows that finite element simulations are suitable for better understanding and optimizing TENGs\u2019 performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nanoenergyadv4020009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T12:06:38Z","timestamp":1714651598000},"page":"147-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modeling Particle-Doped Materials for Performance Improvement of Contact-Separation Triboelectric Nanogenerators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Callaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP (Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP (Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP (Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP (Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2014.11.034","article-title":"Theoretical systems of triboelectric nanogenerators","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5651613","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5651613","article-title":"Recent Progress in Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Renewable and Sustainable Power Source","volume":"2016","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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