{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T19:07:33Z","timestamp":1772651253247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ncRNA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genomes from complex eukaryotes are enriched in non-coding genes whose transcription products (non-coding RNAs) are involved in the regulation of genomic output at different levels. Non-coding RNA action is predominantly driven by sequence and structural motifs that interact with specific functional partners. Despite the exponential growth in primary RNA sequence data facilitated by next-generation sequencing studies, the availability of tridimensional RNA data is comparatively more limited. The subjacent reasons for this relative lack of information regarding RNA structure are related to the specific chemical nature of RNA molecules and the limitations of the currently available methods for structural characterization of biomolecules. In this review, we describe and analyze the different structural motifs involved in non-coding RNA function and the wet-lab and computational methods used to characterize their structure\u2013function relationships, highlighting the current need for detailed structural studies to explore the molecular determinants of non-coding RNA function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna11020020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T03:22:44Z","timestamp":1740972164000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Unpaved Road of Non-Coding RNA Structure\u2013Function Relationships: Current Knowledge, Available Methodologies, and Future Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8548-8655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L\u00facia","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8072-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Enguita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D794","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1081","article-title":"The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE): Data portal update","volume":"46","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003951","article-title":"The evolution of controlled multitasked gene networks: The role of introns and other noncoding RNAs in the development of complex organisms","volume":"18","author":"Mattick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. 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