{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:10:41Z","timestamp":1760058641612,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["PD\/BI\/113722\/2015","PD\/BD\/128305\/2017","PTDC\/ECI-EST\/6534\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BI\/113722\/2015","PD\/BD\/128305\/2017","PTDC\/ECI-EST\/6534\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ybridNET \u2013 Hybrid Simulation Integrated Facility for Real-Time, Multi-Hazard and Geographically-Distributed Testing","award":["PD\/BI\/113722\/2015","PD\/BD\/128305\/2017","PTDC\/ECI-EST\/6534\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BI\/113722\/2015","PD\/BD\/128305\/2017","PTDC\/ECI-EST\/6534\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NDT"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hybrid simulation integrates numerical and experimental techniques to analyze structural responses under static and dynamic loads. It physically tests components that are not fully characterized while modeling the rest of the structure numerically. Over the past two decades, hybrid testing platforms have become increasingly modular and versatile. This paper presents the development of a robust hybrid testing software framework at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Portugal, and evaluates the efficiency of its algorithms. The framework features a LabVIEW-based control and interface application that exchanges data with OpenSees via the OpenFresco middleware using a TCP\/IP protocol. Designed for slow to real-time hybrid testing, it employs a predictor\u2013corrector algorithm for motion control, enhanced by an adaptive time series (ATS)-based error tracking and delay compensation algorithm. Its modular design facilitates the integration of new simulation tools. The framework was first assessed through simulated hybrid tests, followed by validation via a hybrid test on a two-bay, one-story steel moment-resisting frame, where one exterior column was physically tested. The results emphasized the importance of the accurate system identification of the physical substructure and the precise calibration of the actuator control and delay compensation algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ndt3020008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T08:11:39Z","timestamp":1744704699000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an Integrated Software Framework for Enhanced Hybrid Simulation in Structural Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gidewon G.","family":"Tekeste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7276-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio A.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8950-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u00edbal G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2208\/jscej1969.1969.171_1","article-title":"Dynamic Destructive Test of a Cantilever Beam Controlled by an Analog-Computer","volume":"171","author":"Hakuno","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. 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