{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:44:54Z","timestamp":1764225894043,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness (POCI) Program\u2014COMPETE2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28181\/2017","PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28498\/2017","2022.05193.PTDC","2022.00128.CEECind"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28181\/2017","PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28498\/2017","2022.05193.PTDC","2022.00128.CEECind"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28181\/2017","PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28498\/2017","2022.05193.PTDC","2022.00128.CEECind"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28181\/2017","PTDC\/MED-NEU\/28498\/2017","2022.05193.PTDC","2022.00128.CEECind"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic pain is a health problem that affects the ability to work and perform other activities, and it generally worsens over time. Understanding the complex pain interaction with brain circuits could help predict which patients are at risk of developing central dysfunctions. Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that aberrant activity of the lateral habenula (LHb) is associated with depressive symptoms characterized by excessive negative focus, leading to high-level cognitive dysfunctions. The primary output region of the LHb is the ventral tegmental area (VTA), through a bidirectional connection. Recently, there has been growing interest in the complex interactions between the LHb and VTA, particularly regarding their crucial roles in behavior regulation and their potential involvement in the pathological impact of chronic pain on cognitive functions. In this review, we briefly discuss the structural and functional roles of the LHb\u2013VTA microcircuit and their impact on cognition and mood disorders in order to support future studies addressing brain plasticity during chronic pain conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint15040082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T11:18:52Z","timestamp":1698405532000},"page":"1303-1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamics of Lateral Habenula\u2013Ventral Tegmental Area Microcircuit on Pain-Related Cognitive Dysfunctions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina\u2014Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mobina","family":"Alemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina\u2014Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3872-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Cerqueira-Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina\u2014Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Programa Doutoral em Neuroci\u00eancias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina\u2014Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Galhardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina\u2014Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Cardoso-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade\u2014Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina\u2014Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.08.010","article-title":"Why depression and pain often coexist and mutually reinforce: Role of the lateral habenula","volume":"284","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. 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