{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T03:27:46Z","timestamp":1777087666581,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":310,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nitrogen"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legumes are among the most important crops globally, serving as a major food source for protein and oil. In tropical regions, the cultivation of legumes has expanded significantly due to the increasing demand for food, plant-based products, and sustainable agriculture practices. However, tropical environments pose unique challenges, including high temperatures, erratic rainfall, soil infertility, and a high incidence of pests and diseases. Indeed, legumes are vulnerable to infections caused by bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, viruses, and nematodes. This review highlights the importance of legumes in tropical farming and discusses major diseases affecting productivity and their impact on the economy, environment, and lives of smallholder legume farmers. We emphasize the use of legume genetic resources and breeding, and biotechnology innovations to foster resistance and address the challenges posed by pathogens in legumes. However, an integrated approach that includes other cultivation techniques (e.g., crop rotation, rational fertilization, deep plowing) remains important for the prevention and control of diseases in legume crops. Finally, we highlight the contributions of plant genetic resources to smallholder resilience and food security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nitrogen6030065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T14:23:19Z","timestamp":1754403799000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Harnessing Legume Productivity in Tropical Farming Systems by Addressing Challenges Posed by Legume Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Catherine Hazel","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Crop Diversity Trust, 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3038-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of \u00c9vora, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0723-4312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cris","family":"Cortaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Reynaldo","family":"Peja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City 6521-A, Philippines"}]},{"given":"Maria Angela","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF Philippines, Inc., Agricultural Research Station (ARS), F.T. San Luis Avenue, Bay, Laguna 4033, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3486-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Langres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7233-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Christian Felipe","family":"Redillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines"}]},{"given":"Leny","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority, BAI Compound, Visayas Ave, Quezon City 1101, Philippines"}]},{"given":"Mark Angelo","family":"Balendres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loebenstein, G., and Carr, J.P. 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