{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:41:03Z","timestamp":1776433263959,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]],"date-time":"2019-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Imbalance of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism links with several pathologies; nevertheless, it is poorly characterized in pediatric populations. This study investigated the impact of age on plasma concentrations of Hcy and relevant biomarkers along with correspondent genotype interactions. Methods: A healthy pediatric cohort aged 9 (n = 195) and 17 (n = 128) years old (yo) was studied. Immunoassays and GC-MS-SIM-mode quantified plasma levels of Hcy and biomarkers. PCR-RFLP or quantitative-PCR assays assessed common variations in related genes. Results: Age impacted on levels of Hcy and metabolic markers: older children presented with the lowest folates and total-cobalamin (tCbl), while with the highest Hcy concentrations, whereas methylmalonic acid (MMA) and holotranscobalamin (Holo-TC) levels remained similar in 9-yo and 17-yo children. The relationships between B-vitamins and metabolic markers were also dependent on age. Only in the older children, MMA correlated with tCbl and Holo-TC, and MMA levels were markedly higher in the 17-yo subjects presenting with the lowest quartiles of Holo-TC concentrations. Lastly, age also impacted on the correlations between genotype and biomarkers. In the 17-yo group, however not in the 9-yo children, tHcy differed between MTHFR 677 genotypes, with subjects who had the MTHFR 677TT genotype displaying the highest tHcy concentrations. Conclusions: Age impacts on the Hcy metabolism dynamics in a pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1552911533000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Homocysteine Metabolism in Children and Adolescents: Influence of Age on Plasma Biomarkers and Correspondent Genotype Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Caldeira-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (i.Med.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Florindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (i.Med.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (i.Med.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (i.Med.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Tavares de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (i.Med.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.009","article-title":"One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"25","author":"Ducker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-013-0358-2","article-title":"Effects of methionine synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms on markers of one-carbon metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.12.006","article-title":"Present and future of anti-ageing epigenetic diets","volume":"136\u2013137","author":"Bacalini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech. 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