{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:48:16Z","timestamp":1762876096026,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/112269\/2015 and SFRH\/BD\/108605\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/112269\/2015 and SFRH\/BD\/108605\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EXALAR 21 project financed by FEDER\/FNR and by Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017 - Project n\u00ba 30193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017 - Project n\u00ba 30193"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity has been repeatedly linked to asthma, and several potential mechanisms have been proposed in the etiologies of the obese-asthma phenotype. Considering that lungs play an important role in systemic pH and acid\u2013base regulation, are a key organ in asthma development, and that nutritional inadequacy of several nutrients and high dietary acid load can affect airway inflammation and reactivity, we aimed to test the hypothesis that dietary acid load may be associated with asthma in children. Data on 699 children (52% females), aged 7\u201312 years, were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess body mass index. Dietary acid load was calculated using potential renal acid load (PRAL) equations from a 24 h dietary recall administrated to children. Adjusted PRAL for total energy intake was applied with the use of the residual method. Lung function and airway reversibility were assessed with spirometry. Asthma was defined by a positive bronchodilation or self-reported medical diagnosis with reported symptoms (wheezing, dyspnea, or dry cough) in the past 12 months. After adjustment for energy intake, sex, age, parent\u2019s education level, and physical activity, positive and significant associations were found between asthma and PRAL [odds ratio (OR) = 1.953, 95% CI = 1.024, 3.730) in overweight\/obese children. Our findings suggest that dietary acid load might be a possible mechanism in overweight\/obese-asthma phenotype development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T10:55:21Z","timestamp":1568890521000},"page":"2255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dietary Acid Load: A Novel Nutritional Target in Overweight\/Obese Children with Asthma?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Paci\u00eancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaleiro Rufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Castro Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Farraia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30879-6","article-title":"After asthma: Redefining airways 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