{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T04:40:30Z","timestamp":1766983230884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BDE\/33798\/2009","SFRH\/BD\/71149\/2010","SFRH\/BD\/79716\/2011","UID\/BIM\/04293\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BDE\/33798\/2009","SFRH\/BD\/71149\/2010","SFRH\/BD\/79716\/2011","UID\/BIM\/04293\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure depend on estrogens and diet. We assessed the impact of natural mineral-rich water ingestion on distal femur of fructose-fed estrogen-deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. Ovariectomized rats drank tap or mineral-rich waters, with or without 10%-fructose, for 10 weeks. A sham-operated group drinking tap water was included (n = 6\/group). Cancellous and cortical bone compartments were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. Circulating bone metabolism markers were measured by enzyme immunoassay\/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or multiplex bead assay. Ovariectomy significantly worsened cancellous but not cortical bone, significantly increased circulating degradation products from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and significantly decreased circulating osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin\/RANKL ratio. In ovariectomized rats, in cancellous bone, significant water effect was observed for all microstructural properties, except for the degree of anisotropy, and BMD (neither a significant fructose effect nor a significant interaction between water and fructose ingestion effects were observed). In cortical bone, it was observed a significant (a) water effect for medullary volume and cortical endosteal perimeter; (b) fructose effect for cortical thickness, medullary volume, cross-sectional thickness and cortical endosteal and periosteal perimeters; and (c) interaction effect for mean eccentricity. In blood, significant fructose and interaction effects were found for osteoprotegerin (no significant water effect was seen). For the first time in ovariectomized rats, the positive modulation of cortical but not of cancellous bone by fructose ingestion and of both bone locations by natural mineral-rich water ingestion is described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T05:58:33Z","timestamp":1569823113000},"page":"2316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Differential Modulation of Cancellous and Cortical Distal Femur by Fructose and Natural Mineral-Rich Water Consumption in Ovariectomized Female Sprague Dawley Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cid\u00e1lia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and CiTechCare - Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Guede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trabeculae Technology Based Firm S.L., Technological Park of Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ipatimup Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S Instituto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S Instituto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade I&amp;D Cardiovascular do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIAFEL, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S Instituto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Administra\u00e7\u00e3o Regional de Sa\u00fade do Norte, 4000-477 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3560-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S Instituto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, 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