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While the absorption and metabolism of (poly)phenols has been described, it is not clear how their metabolic fate is affected under pathological conditions. This study evaluated the metabolic fate of berry (poly)phenols in an in vivo model of hypertension as well as the associated microbiota response. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed either a low-salt diet (0.26% NaCl) or a high-salt diet (8% NaCl), with or without a berry mixture (blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, Portuguese crowberry and strawberry tree fruit) for 9 weeks. The salt-enriched diet promoted an increase in the urinary excretion of berry (poly)phenol metabolites, while the abundance of these metabolites decreased in faeces, as revealed by UPLC\u2013MS\/MS. Moreover, salt and berries modulated gut microbiota composition as demonstrated by 16S rRNA analysis. Some changes in the microbiota composition were associated with the high-salt diet and revealed an expansion of the families Proteobacteria and Erysipelotrichaceae. However, this effect was mitigated by the dietary supplementation with berries. Alterations in the metabolic fate of (poly)phenols occur in parallel with the modulation of gut microbiota in hypertensive rats. Thus, beneficial effects of (poly)phenols could be related with these interlinked modifications, between metabolites and microbiota environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T04:13:08Z","timestamp":1572840788000},"page":"2634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Berry-Enriched Diet in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats: Metabolic Fate of (Poly)Phenols and the Role of Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-2565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Oudot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR-S 1180- University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cl\u00e9ment, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay Malabry, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6091-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Maci\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Agraria, University of Lleida, 25198-Lleida, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Foito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Carregosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9838-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland DD2 5DA, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, UK"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Van de Wiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8997-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Maria-Jos\u00e9","family":"Motilva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino-ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, Finca \u201cLa Grajera\u201d, Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR-S 1180- University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cl\u00e9ment, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay Malabry, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Nunes dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2011). 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