{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T22:30:26Z","timestamp":1776983426288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, food supplements are widely consumed, often without any medical supervision. In this study, 25 food supplements for weight loss, randomly purchased from five different suppliers in the European Union, were analysed by Wavelength Dispersive X ray Fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The aim of this study was the risk assessment of trace elements and the mixture of elements present in food supplements for weight loss. The obtained Hazard Index (0.11) showed no potential risk of non-carcinogenic effects to human health. However, since humans are frequently exposed by different routes and\/or sources to toxic metals, the additional consumption of these products may cause potential toxicological risks that cannot be ignored. In one analysed food supplement (FS), the simultaneous presence of Pb and Mn in high concentrations was detected. In two, FS chromium concentrations were above the reference daily dose. Unconformities were detected between the labelled and the detected values, which emphasises the misinformation of labels. This highlights the need for a deeper surveillance of food supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T10:29:38Z","timestamp":1585650578000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Food Supplements for Weight Loss: Risk Assessment of Selected Impurities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel Margarida","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia Alexandra","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00ba228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3654-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa Lima","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8558-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio\u2014Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnett, A.J., Livingstone, K.M., Woods, J.L., and McNaughton, S.A. 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