{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1778524925897,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-driven inflammatory disease characterised by synovial inflammation, leading to progressive cartilage and bone destruction, impacting patients\u2019 functional capacity and quality of life. Patients with RA have significant differences in gut microbiota composition when compared to controls. Intestinal dysbiosis influences the intestinal barrier strength, integrity and function, and diet is considered the main environmental factor impacting gut microbiota. Over the last few years, researchers have focused on the influence of single components of the diet in the modulation of intestinal microbiota in RA rather than whole dietary patterns. In this review, we focus on how the Mediterranean diet (MD), a whole dietary pattern, could possibly act as an adjuvant therapeutic approach, modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier function in order to improve RA-related outcomes. We also review the potential effects of particular components of the MD, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols and fibre.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T11:04:20Z","timestamp":1605524660000},"page":"3504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Diet as a Modulator of Intestinal Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2186-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Dourado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Reumatologia e Doen\u00e7as \u00d3sseas Metab\u00f3licas, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro Acad\u00e9mico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, CAML, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Sousa Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Eurico","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Reumatologia e Doen\u00e7as \u00d3sseas Metab\u00f3licas, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro Acad\u00e9mico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, CAML, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","article-title":"2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"62","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195310012491402","article-title":"Length of Life and Cause of Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"249","author":"Cobb","year":"1953","journal-title":"N. 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