{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1777368449032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Horizon 2020 Research &amp; Innovation Programme","award":["760891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760891"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cichorium intybus L. has recently gained major attention due to large quantities of health-promoting compounds in its roots, such as inulin and sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). Chicory is the main dietary source of SLs, which have underexplored bioactive potential. In this study, we assessed the capacity of SLs to permeate the intestinal barrier to become physiologically available, using in silico predictions and in vitro studies with the well-established cell model of the human intestinal mucosa (differentiated Caco-2 cells). The potential of SLs to modulate inflammatory responses through modulation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway was also evaluated, using a yeast reporter system. Lactucopicrin was revealed as the most permeable chicory SL in the intestinal barrier model, but it had low anti-inflammatory potential. The SL with the highest anti-inflammatory potential was 11\u03b2,13-dihydrolactucin, which inhibited up to 54% of Calcineurin-responsive zinc finger (Crz1) activation, concomitantly with the impairment of the nuclear accumulation of Crz1, the yeast orthologue of human NFAT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T10:46:26Z","timestamp":1605782786000},"page":"3547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Assessing the Intestinal Permeability and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Chicory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie S.","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica (iBET), Av. Rep\u00fablica, Qta. Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8731-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 D.","family":"Anast\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica (iBET), Av. Rep\u00fablica, Qta. Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. William","family":"Allwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Carregosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica (iBET), Av. Rep\u00fablica, Qta. Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sungurtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon J.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0552-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica (iBET), Av. Rep\u00fablica, Qta. Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana A.","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica (iBET), Av. Rep\u00fablica, Qta. Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9838-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Nunes dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica (iBET), Av. Rep\u00fablica, Qta. Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579319","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/579319","article-title":"Cichorium intybus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology","volume":"2013","author":"Street","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02708379","article-title":"Applications of inulin and oligofructose in health and nutrition","volume":"27","author":"Kaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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