{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:39:37Z","timestamp":1771234777273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, it is accepted that the regular practice of exercise and branched-chain amino acids supplementation (BCAAs) can benefit the immune responses in older persons, prevent the occurrence of physical frailty (PF), cognitive decline, and aging-related comorbidities. However, the impact of their combination (as non-pharmacological interventions) in albumin and the inflammatory markers is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a 40-week multifactorial intervention [MIP, multicomponent exercise (ME) associated or not with BCAAs] on plasma levels of inflammatory markers and albumin in frail older persons (\u226575 years old) living at residential care homes (RCH). This study consisted of a prospective, naturalistic, controlled clinical trial with four arms of multifactorial and experimental (interventions-wahshout-interventions) design. The intervention groups were ME + BCAAs (n = 8), ME (n = 7), BCAAs (n = 7), and control group (n = 13). Lower limb muscle-strength, cognitive profile, and PF tests were concomitantly evaluated with plasma levels of albumin, anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) respectively], TNF-\u03b1\/IL-10 ratio, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity at four different time-points: Baseline (T1), after 16 weeks of multifactorial intervention (T2), then after a subsequent 8 weeks washout period (T3) and finally, after an additional 16 weeks of multifactorial intervention (T4). Improvement of cognitive profile and muscle strength-related albumin levels, as well as reduction in the TNF-\u03b1 levels were found particularly in ME plus BCAAs group. No significant variations were observed over time for TNF-\u03b1\/IL-10 ratio or MPO activity. Overall, the study showed that MIP triggered slight alterations in the inflammatory and physical function of the frail older participants, which could provide independence and higher quality of life for this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1616969341000},"page":"1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effect of Training-Detraining Phases of Multicomponent Exercises and BCAA Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Albumin Levels in Frail Older Persons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Caldo-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education\u2014(FCDEF-UC), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF-FCDEF-UC, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Eust\u00e1quio","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF-FCDEF-UC, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISAE), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Uba","family":"Chupel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF-FCDEF-UC, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8266-1416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 L. L.","family":"Bachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04025-002, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), S\u00e3o Paulo 04829-300, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo P.","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01506-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9469-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education\u2014(FCDEF-UC), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Marzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3977-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Massart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education\u2014(FCDEF-UC), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF-FCDEF-UC, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education\u2014(FCDEF-UC), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF-FCDEF-UC, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02247","article-title":"Immunosenescence and its hallmarks: How to oppose aging strategically? 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