{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:39:44Z","timestamp":1775032784120,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid worldwide decreases in physical activity (PA), an increase in sedentary behaviour (SB) and poorer dietary patterns have been reported during COVID-19 confinement periods. However, as national variability has been observed, this study sought to describe PA, SB and eating patterns, and to explore their gender as well as other socio-demographic correlates and how they interrelate in a representative sample of Portuguese adults during the COVID-19 first mandatory social confinement. The survey was applied online and by telephone to 5856 adults (mean age = 45.8 years; 42.6% women). The majority reported high (46.0%) or moderate (20.5%) PA levels. Men, younger participants, those with higher education levels and a favourable perception of their financial situation reported higher PA levels, with the opposite pattern for SB. Physical fitness activities and household chores were more reported by women, with more strength training and running activities reported by men. Regarding eating behaviours, 45.1% reported changes, positive (58%) and negative (42%), with 18.2% reporting increases in consumption of fruit, vegetables, and fish and other seafood consumption, while 10.8% (most with lower educational level and less comfortable with their income) reported an increase in consumption of ready-to-eat meals, soft drinks, savoury snacks, and take-away and delivered meals. Two clusters\u2014a health-enhancing vs. risky pattern\u2014emerged through multiple correspondence analysis characterized by co-occurrence of high vs. low PA levels, positive vs. negative eating changes, awareness or not of the COVID-19 PA and dietary recommendations, perceived financial situation, higher vs. lower educational level and time in social confinement. In conclusion, while in social confinement, both positive and negative PA and eating behaviours and trends were displayed, highlighting the role of key sociodemographic correlates contributing to healthy vs. risky patterns. Results may inform future health interventions and policies to be more targeted to those at risk, and also advocate the promotion of PA and healthy eating in an integrated fashion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T02:16:07Z","timestamp":1628043367000},"page":"2685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Towards an In-Depth Understanding of Physical Activity and Eating Behaviours during COVID-19 Social Confinement: A Combined Approach from a Portuguese National Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4734-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene Nunes","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIDEFES, Faculdade de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o F\u00edsica e Desporto, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Saud\u00e1vel, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7604-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 1649 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3806-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeu","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Nacional para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade F\u00edsica, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Northern Region Health Administration, 4000 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Arriaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Literacia, Sa\u00fade e Bem-Estar, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade, 1049 Lisboa, 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